PMID- 8834226
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19961204
LR  - 20191101
IS  - 1045-4403 (Print)
IS  - 1045-4403 (Linking)
VI  - 5
IP  - 3-4
DP  - 1995
TI  - Regulation and regulatory role of the retinoids.
PG  - 219-53
AB  - Retinoids regulate differentiation and cellular growth, exerting their 
      physiological action by interacting with two families of nuclear receptors, the 
      retinoic acid receptors (RARs), and the retinoid X receptors (RXRs), which 
      regulate gene expression by forming transcriptionally active heterodimeric 
      RAR/RXR or homodimeric RXR/RXR complexes on DNA. Although RAR/RXR heterodimers 
      form preferentially in vitro and in vivo, it does not exclude the possibility 
      that RXR/RXR homodimers may regulate a distinct signaling pathway. Synthetic 
      retinoids that selectively activate or antagonize retinoic acid receptor isoforms 
      promises to be useful tools for the elucidation of specific retinoid response 
      pathways. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the molecular 
      basis underlying limb bud formation, particularly the manner in which retinoic 
      acid interacts with other signaling molecules to determine pattern formation. The 
      phenotypic abnormalities observed in compound null mutants of retinoid receptors, 
      recapitulating those described in the vitamin A deficiency syndrome, confirm the 
      crucial function of endogenous retinoids in fetal development. However, the 
      absence of phenotypic abnormalities in null mutants of individual RAR isoforms 
      raises the possibility of functional redundancy among RAR subtypes and at the 
      same time challenging the concept that the diverse effects of retinoids are 
      related to the multiplicity of fnctionally distinct receptors.
FAU - Ng, K W
AU  - Ng KW
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia.
FAU - Zhou, H
AU  - Zhou H
FAU - Manji, S
AU  - Manji S
FAU - Martin, T J
AU  - Martin TJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr
JT  - Critical reviews in eukaryotic gene expression
JID - 9007261
RN  - 0 (Retinoids)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation
MH  - Humans
MH  - Limb Buds/growth & development
MH  - Retinoids/*metabolism
MH  - Transcription, Genetic
RF  - 373
EDAT- 1995/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 1995/01/01 00:01
CRDT- 1995/01/01 00:00
PHST- 1995/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1995/01/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1995/01/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1615/critreveukargeneexpr.v5.i3-4.20 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 1995;5(3-4):219-53. doi: 
      10.1615/critreveukargeneexpr.v5.i3-4.20.