PMID- 8897323
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19970224
LR  - 20061115
IS  - 0264-0414 (Print)
IS  - 0264-0414 (Linking)
VI  - 13 Spec No
DP  - 1995 Summer
TI  - Nutritional practices of athletes: are they sub-optimal?
PG  - S75-81
AB  - Athletes' nutritional needs are principally determined by their training load 
      (the intensity x frequency x duration of daily workouts) and body mass. Analyses 
      of the diets of track and field competitors and marathon runners reveal a 
      macronutrient composition similar to that of weight-matched, inactive 
      individuals. Male athletes generally ingest adequate dietary energy to meet their 
      daily energy expenditure and all vitamin and mineral needs. However, the energy 
      intake of most female athletes is less than might be anticipated based on their 
      training load. As a result, intakes of iron, calcium, vitamin B12 and zinc are 
      often below the recommended daily allowances. Compared with the recommendations 
      of sports nutritionists and exercise physiologists, the majority of athletes 
      consume a diet which might be considered significantly deficient in carbohydrate 
      (CHO). Although there is currently little scientific support for increasing the 
      proportion of daily energy intake from CHO above the 45-55% (approximately 5 g kg 
      BM-1 day-1) chronically consumed by most athletes, such a regimen would probably 
      improve an athlete's training capacity, especially when rapid recovery from 
      intense activity is required.
FAU - Hawley, J A
AU  - Hawley JA
AD  - Department of Physiology, University of Cape Town Medical School, South Africa.
FAU - Dennis, S C
AU  - Dennis SC
FAU - Lindsay, F H
AU  - Lindsay FH
FAU - Noakes, T D
AU  - Noakes TD
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - England
TA  - J Sports Sci
JT  - Journal of sports sciences
JID - 8405364
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Fats)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage
MH  - Dietary Fats/administration & dosage
MH  - Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage
MH  - Energy Metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - *Nutritional Status
MH  - *Physical Education and Training
MH  - Physical Endurance/physiology
MH  - Running/*physiology
MH  - Track and Field/*physiology
RF  - 73
EDAT- 1995/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 1995/01/01 00:01
CRDT- 1995/01/01 00:00
PHST- 1995/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1995/01/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1995/01/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/02640419508732280 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Sports Sci. 1995 Summer;13 Spec No:S75-81. doi: 10.1080/02640419508732280.