PMID- 8902647
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19970313
LR  - 20191024
IS  - 0923-1811 (Print)
IS  - 0923-1811 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 1
DP  - 1996 Oct
TI  - Regulation of the immune response by epidermal cytokines and neurohormones.
PG  - 5-10
AB  - The ability of the cellular components of the skin immune system to mount various 
      types of immune responses is largely dependent upon their ability to release and 
      to respond to different signals provided by immunoregulatory mediators such as 
      cytokines and neuropeptides. In principle, almost every cytokine known so far, 
      including interleukins (IL), interferons (IFN), tumor necrosis factors (TNF), 
      colony stimulating factors (CSF) and several growth factors can be detected in 
      the skin under certain physiological or pathological conditions. There is recent 
      evidence that neuropeptides such as substance P, calcitonin-related gene product 
      (CGRP) a.o. as well as neurohormones such as proopiomelanocortin (POMC), which is 
      the precursor of several peptidehormones including melanocyte stimulating 
      hormones (MSH), are present in epidermal cells, cutaneous tumors and inflammatory 
      cells infiltrating the skin. In addition to their well known functions as 
      neurotransmitters or hormones, these peptides have recently been recognized as 
      potent immunomodulating agents which inhibit the production and activity of 
      immunoregulatory and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-2, IFN gamma) but induce 
      the release of factors, e.g., IL-10, which downregulate immune responses. 
      Accordingly, in animals, alpha MSH and CGRP have been shown to inhibit the 
      induction of contact hypersensitivity reactions. Therefore, a complex network of 
      interacting mediators including cytokines and neuropeptides within the cutaneous 
      microenvironment are crucial elements of the induction, elicitation and 
      regulation of cutaneous immune responses.
FAU - Luger, T A
AU  - Luger TA
AD  - Department of Dermatology, University of Munster, Germany.
FAU - Bhardwaj, R S
AU  - Bhardwaj RS
FAU - Grabbe, S
AU  - Grabbe S
FAU - Schwarz, T
AU  - Schwarz T
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Dermatol Sci
JT  - Journal of dermatological science
JID - 9011485
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Neuropeptides)
RN  - 0 (Neurotransmitter Agents)
RN  - 581-05-5 (alpha-MSH)
RN  - 66796-54-1 (Pro-Opiomelanocortin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cytokines/*immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunity, Cellular
MH  - Neuropeptides/immunology
MH  - Neurotransmitter Agents/*immunology
MH  - Pro-Opiomelanocortin/immunology
MH  - Skin/*immunology
MH  - alpha-MSH/immunology
RF  - 51
EDAT- 1996/10/01 00:00
MHDA- 1996/10/01 00:01
CRDT- 1996/10/01 00:00
PHST- 1996/10/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1996/10/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1996/10/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 0923181195004858 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/0923-1811(95)00485-8 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Dermatol Sci. 1996 Oct;13(1):5-10. doi: 10.1016/0923-1811(95)00485-8.