PMID- 8906214
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19961210
LR  - 20190616
IS  - 0077-8923 (Print)
IS  - 0077-8923 (Linking)
VI  - 796
DP  - 1996 Oct 31
TI  - Direct measurement of cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-4, -5, and -6) from organs after 
      antigenic challenge.
PG  - 82-90
AB  - A mouse in vivo model has been developed in which cytokines produced within the 
      regional lymph nodes and other organs after an antigenic challenge were measured 
      directly without the need of an in vitro reculturing step. Mice were 
      subcutaneously (s.c.) immunized with antigens such as keyhole limpet hemocyanin 
      (KLH) in aluminium hydroxide (alum) at the base of the tail. After defined 
      periods of time lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and lung were collected and frozen. 
      The organs were then homogenized (or sonicated), centrifuged, and the cytokine 
      levels, for example, IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 were determined by ELISA. It 
      was found that injection of alum alone caused measurable cytokine production in 
      draining lymph nodes, but inoculation of an antigen-alum mixture, such as KLH and 
      dust-mite antigen (DMA), significantly increased in vivo cytokine production over 
      that of alum alone. In the dose range tested there appeared to be an inverse 
      relationship between the dose of antigen and cytokine levels. Thus, 0.1-microgram 
      KLH induced more IL-4 in vivo than 10-micrograms KLH. Kinetic studies showed that 
      for IL-4 and IFN-gamma, peak production occurred around days 5 and 6, 
      respectively. Route of immunization and the dose of antigen were found to be very 
      critical, in that injection of 10-micrograms DMA intraperitoneally induced 
      significant levels of cytokines in the lung, while the same dose of antigen given 
      at the base of tail, s.c., did not induce appreciable levels of cytokines in any 
      organ tested. Cyclosporin A inhibited in vivo production of IFN-gamma, IL-4, and 
      IL-5 by approximately 80%, but not that of IL-6. Surprisingly, dexamethasone 
      enhanced the production of IL-6 while inhibiting all the other cytokines. In 
      conclusion, these results suggest that direct determination of cytokines in the 
      organs may provide an easy readout to assess differential effects of 
      immunoregulatory molecules on the production of Th1- and Th2-type cytokines in 
      vivo.
FAU - Alkan, S S
AU  - Alkan SS
AD  - Department of Asthma/Allergy Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Ciba-Geigy, Ltd., 
      Basle, Switzerland.
FAU - Akdis, A C
AU  - Akdis AC
FAU - Feuerlein, D
AU  - Feuerlein D
FAU - Gruninger, M
AU  - Gruninger M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Ann N Y Acad Sci
JT  - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
JID - 7506858
RN  - 0 (Alum Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Antigens)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-5)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - 207137-56-2 (Interleukin-4)
RN  - 34S289N54E (aluminum sulfate)
RN  - 7S5I7G3JQL (Dexamethasone)
RN  - 82115-62-6 (Interferon-gamma)
RN  - 83HN0GTJ6D (Cyclosporine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alum Compounds/pharmacology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antigens/*pharmacology
MH  - Cyclosporine/pharmacology
MH  - Dexamethasone/pharmacology
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Interferon-gamma/*analysis
MH  - Interleukin-4/*analysis
MH  - Interleukin-5/*analysis
MH  - Interleukin-6/*analysis
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Mice, Inbred DBA
MH  - Th1 Cells/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Th2 Cells/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Tissue Distribution
EDAT- 1996/10/31 00:00
MHDA- 1996/10/31 00:01
CRDT- 1996/10/31 00:00
PHST- 1996/10/31 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1996/10/31 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1996/10/31 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb32569.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1996 Oct 31;796:82-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb32569.x.