PMID- 8916291
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19970311
LR  - 20191101
IS  - 0334-1763 (Print)
IS  - 0334-1763 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 3
DP  - 1996 Jul-Sep
TI  - Endothelin peptides in brain diseases.
PG  - 177-86
AB  - Recently, scientists interested in diseases of the human brain have paid much 
      attention to the endothelin group of peptides. Under normal conditions they are 
      found in some types of neurons and in endothelial cells of microvessels but not 
      in glial cells. This review focuses on the endothelin peptides and their 
      involvement in various brain diseases. Particular attention is paid to their 
      expression in reactive astrocytes seen in many pathological conditions of the 
      human brain. Endothelin-1 is a very potent vasoconstrictor which may be involved 
      in the vasospasm occurring in subarachnoid haemorrhage. Intracerebral injection 
      or application to cerebral arteries in animals will cause a focal necrosis, 
      apparently due to severe vasoconstriction. Reactive astrocytes occurring in cases 
      with infarcts, lacunae, Alzheimer's disease, progressive multifocal 
      leukoencephalopathy (PML) and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) express 
      endothelin-like immunoreactivity. Astrocytes in vitro may produce, store and 
      release endothelins. To some extent astrocytes grown in vitro mimic reactive 
      astrocytes in vivo since in cultures astrocytes are removed from their natural 
      environment which may trigger reactive responses. Therefore, in vivo reactive 
      astrocytes may produce, store and release endothelins just as in vitro. If 
      endothelins are released from reactive astrocytes they may act as mitogens and 
      may influence microcirculation by inducing vasoconstriction of intracerebral 
      arterioles. In such ways endothelins may contribute to the final lesions seen in 
      cases with infarcts, lacunae, traumatic conditions, Alzheimer's disease and 
      inflammatory diseases of the brain.
FAU - Nie, X J
AU  - Nie XJ
AD  - Laboratory of Neuropathology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
FAU - Olsson, Y
AU  - Olsson Y
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - Germany
TA  - Rev Neurosci
JT  - Reviews in the neurosciences
JID - 8711016
RN  - 0 (Endothelins)
RN  - 0 (Neuropeptides)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Astrocytes/*metabolism
MH  - Blood-Brain Barrier/physiology
MH  - Brain Diseases/metabolism/*physiopathology
MH  - Cerebrovascular Disorders/physiopathology
MH  - Endothelins/metabolism/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Neuropeptides/metabolism/*physiology
MH  - Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/physiopathology
MH  - Vasoconstriction/physiology
RF  - 70
EDAT- 1996/07/01 00:00
MHDA- 1996/07/01 00:01
CRDT- 1996/07/01 00:00
PHST- 1996/07/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1996/07/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1996/07/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1515/revneuro.1996.7.3.177 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Rev Neurosci. 1996 Jul-Sep;7(3):177-86. doi: 10.1515/revneuro.1996.7.3.177.