PMID- 8983680
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19970108
LR  - 20190503
IS  - 1355-6037 (Print)
IS  - 1468-201X (Electronic)
IS  - 1355-6037 (Linking)
VI  - 76
IP  - 4
DP  - 1996 Oct
TI  - Inspiratory muscle endurance in patients with chronic heart failure.
PG  - 332-6
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the significance of changes in respiratory muscle endurance 
      in relation to respiratory and limb muscle strength in patients with mild to 
      moderate chronic heart failure using a threshold loading technique. SUBJECTS: 20 
      patients with chronic heart failure (17 male) aged 63.8 (SD 7.4) years and 10 
      healthy men aged 63.1 (5.6) years. Heart failure severity was New York Heart 
      Association (NYHA) grade II (n = 11) and NYHA grade III/IV (n = 9). METHODS: 
      Respiratory muscle strength was measured from mouth pressures during maximum 
      inspiratory effort (MIP) at functional residual capacity (FRC) and limb muscle 
      strength was measured using a hand grip dynamometer. Inspiratory muscle endurance 
      was measured using a threshold loading technique. The total endurance duration, 
      the maximum threshold pressure achieved (P-Max), and the inspiratory load (% 
      ratio of P-Max/MIP) were recorded in all subjects. RESULTS: Inspiratory muscles 
      were weaker in patients with heart failure than in the controls [MIP 53.6 (16.5) 
      v 70.9 (20.2) cm H2O, P < 0.05]. Hand grip strength was similar in both subject 
      groups [31.6 (SD) v 36.1 (15.9) dynes]. Total endurance duration was 
      significantly reduced in the patient group [494 (223) v 996 (267) s, P < 0.01], 
      as was the maximal threshold pressure achieved [P-Max 18.5 (6.4) v 30.7 (6.6) cm 
      H2O, P < 0.01]. When expressed as a percentage of MIP, P-Max was also lower in 
      the patients [35.2 (11.8) v 44.8 (11.4)%, P < 0.05]. There was no significant 
      correlation between any measure of endurance and limb muscle strength. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory muscle endurance is reduced in patients with chronic 
      heart failure. These changes probably reflect a generalised skeletal myopathy and 
      provide further evidence of respiratory muscle dysfunction in patients with this 
      disease. Respiratory muscle endurance needs now to be related to symptoms and the 
      effects of treatment and respiratory muscle training should also be explored.
FAU - Walsh, J T
AU  - Walsh JT
AD  - Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital, Nottingham, United 
      Kingdom.
FAU - Andrews, R
AU  - Andrews R
FAU - Johnson, P
AU  - Johnson P
FAU - Phillips, L
AU  - Phillips L
FAU - Cowley, A J
AU  - Cowley AJ
FAU - Kinnear, W J
AU  - Kinnear WJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Heart
JT  - Heart (British Cardiac Society)
JID - 9602087
SB  - IM
MH  - Chronic Disease
MH  - Female
MH  - Hand Strength
MH  - Heart Failure/*physiopathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - *Physical Endurance
MH  - Respiratory Function Tests
MH  - Respiratory Muscles/*physiopathology
PMC - PMC484545
EDAT- 1996/10/01 00:00
MHDA- 1996/10/01 00:01
PMCR- 1999/10/01
CRDT- 1996/10/01 00:00
PHST- 1996/10/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1996/10/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1996/10/01 00:00 [entrez]
PHST- 1999/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1136/hrt.76.4.332 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Heart. 1996 Oct;76(4):332-6. doi: 10.1136/hrt.76.4.332.