PMID- 9012774
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19970220
LR  - 20220311
IS  - 0278-6915 (Print)
IS  - 0278-6915 (Linking)
VI  - 34
IP  - 10
DP  - 1996 Oct
TI  - The local lymph node assay: a viable alternative to currently accepted skin 
      sensitization tests.
PG  - 985-97
AB  - The prospective identification of skin sensitizing chemicals is a vital 
      prerequisite for their proper risk management. Traditionally this has been 
      achieved largely by the conduct of guinea pig assays such as the maximization and 
      Buehler tests. These methods are recommended by the Organisation for Economic 
      Cooperation and Development (OECD) and are required by the European Union (EU) 
      for the evaluation of new substances. However, a novel mechanistically based 
      method, the local lymph node assay (LLNA), has been the focus of substantial 
      validation activity in recent years. This material is reviewed in this paper. It 
      is shown that the LLNA has been validated successfully by five interlaboratory 
      assessments as well as by comparisons with guinea pig tests and human data. The 
      method also offers clear advantages to the user in terms of objectivity, time and 
      cost, and delivers important animal welfare benefits. In consequence, it is 
      recommended that the LLNA be formally adopted by the OECD in Guideline 406 and 
      accepted by the EU and US EPA as a method suitable for the classification of the 
      skin sensitizing potential of chemicals.
FAU - Basketter, D A
AU  - Basketter DA
AD  - Unilever Environmental Safety Laboratory, Sharnbrook, Bedford, UK.
FAU - Gerberick, G F
AU  - Gerberick GF
FAU - Kimber, I
AU  - Kimber I
FAU - Loveless, S E
AU  - Loveless SE
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - England
TA  - Food Chem Toxicol
JT  - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British 
      Industrial Biological Research Association
JID - 8207483
RN  - 0 (Allergens)
SB  - IM
MH  - Allergens/*analysis
MH  - Animals
MH  - Guidelines as Topic
MH  - Guinea Pigs
MH  - Humans
MH  - International Cooperation
MH  - Lymph Nodes/*drug effects/pathology
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Skin Tests/*standards
MH  - Structure-Activity Relationship
MH  - United Kingdom
MH  - United States
RF  - 70
EDAT- 1996/10/01 00:00
MHDA- 1996/10/01 00:01
CRDT- 1996/10/01 00:00
PHST- 1996/10/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1996/10/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1996/10/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - S0278691596000592 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/s0278-6915(96)00059-2 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Food Chem Toxicol. 1996 Oct;34(10):985-97. doi: 10.1016/s0278-6915(96)00059-2.