PMID- 9042722
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19970328
LR  - 20190831
IS  - 0379-0738 (Print)
IS  - 0379-0738 (Linking)
VI  - 84
IP  - 1-3
DP  - 1997 Jan 17
TI  - Hair analysis for drug abuse. XV. Disposition of 3, 
      4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its related compounds into rat hair 
      and application to hair analysis for MDMA abuse.
PG  - 165-77
AB  - In order to clarify the mechanism of drug incorporation into hair, disposition of 
      3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 
      3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA), 
      3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MMDA) and metabolites of MDMA, 
      4-hydroxy-3-methoxyamphetamine (HMAP) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine 
      (HMMA), into hair was investigated with an animal model. After the 
      intraperitoneal administration of those six drugs to pigmented hairy rats (5 
      mg/kg/day, 10 days, n = 3), the parent compounds and their metabolites in the rat 
      plasma (5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 360 min after administration) and in the newly grown 
      rat hair for 4 weeks were determined by GC/MS-SIM. When the ratio of hair 
      concentration to area under the concentration versus time curves (AUCs) in plasma 
      was represented as an index of incorporation rate (ICR) of drugs into hair, the 
      order of ICRs was HMAP < MDA < HMMA < MDMA < MDEA < MMDA. In the comparison 
      between MDA, MDMA and MDEA, their ICRs increased according to the length of 
      carbon branches from proton to ethyl at the N position. From the point of view 
      that the ICRs of MMDA was 2.3 times as much as that of MDA, the methoxy group on 
      the benzene ring seemed to serve as a positive factor for the ICR. However, the 
      ICRs of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy compounds, HMAP and HMMA, were lower in comparison 
      with those of MDA and MDMA, respectively. On the other hand, the ICRs of MDA, 
      MDMA and MDEA were 5.5-6.1 times larger than those of amphetamine, 
      methamphetamine and ethylamphetamine, suggesting that the methylenedioxy group on 
      the benzene ring raises their ICRs very positively. Moreover, in order to apply 
      the results from the animal experiments to human cases, the scalp hair samples of 
      seven MDMA abusers were analyzed. MDMA and its metabolites, MDA; were 
      simultaneously detected in all the samples by GC/MS. In the two samples, MDEA was 
      found in addition to MDMA and MDA. It was shown that a hair sample is a good 
      specimen for the confirmation of retrospective use of methylenedioxyamphetamines.
FAU - Kikura, R
AU  - Kikura R
AD  - National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Nakahara, Y
AU  - Nakahara Y
FAU - Mieczkowski, T
AU  - Mieczkowski T
FAU - Tagliaro, F
AU  - Tagliaro F
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Forensic Sci Int
JT  - Forensic science international
JID - 7902034
RN  - 0 (Amphetamines)
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - 0 (Lactates)
RN  - 117652-28-5 (4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine)
RN  - 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine)
RN  - 4764-17-4 (3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - 515-30-0 (atrolactic acid)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - ML1I4KK67B (3,4-methylenedioxyethamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacokinetics
MH  - Amphetamines/*pharmacokinetics
MH  - Animals
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Hair/*metabolism
MH  - Hallucinogens/*pharmacokinetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lactates/pharmacokinetics
MH  - Male
MH  - Methamphetamine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacokinetics
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*pharmacokinetics
MH  - Rats
MH  - Substance Abuse Detection/methods
MH  - Substance-Related Disorders/*metabolism
EDAT- 1997/01/17 00:00
MHDA- 1997/01/17 00:01
CRDT- 1997/01/17 00:00
PHST- 1997/01/17 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1997/01/17 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1997/01/17 00:00 [entrez]
AID - S0379-0738(96)02060-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/s0379-0738(96)02060-9 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Forensic Sci Int. 1997 Jan 17;84(1-3):165-77. doi: 10.1016/s0379-0738(96)02060-9.