PMID- 9085936
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19970610
LR  - 20081121
IS  - 1079-9907 (Print)
IS  - 1079-9907 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 3
DP  - 1997 Mar
TI  - GAS elements: a few nucleotides with a major impact on cytokine-induced gene 
      expression.
PG  - 121-34
AB  - Gamma interferon activation site (GAS) elements are short stretches of DNA, 
      originally defined as a requirement for the rapid transcriptional induction of 
      genes in response to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). The protein complex binding to 
      GAS sequences in IFN-gamma-treated cells, the gamma interferon activation factor 
      (GAF), is a dimer of Stat1, the prototype of a family of cytokine-responsive 
      transcription factors, the signal transducers and activators of transcription. To 
      date, seven different Stats are known (excluding alternatively spliced or 
      processed forms), six of which recognize the same small palindromic consensus 
      sequence TTCN2-4 GAA that defines a GAS element. Because one or several Stats 
      take part in nuclear signaling in response to most cytokines or growth factors, 
      the GAS sequence has changed from being viewed as a specific site for 
      IFN-activated GAF to becoming the general nuclear end of the Jak-Stat signaling 
      pathways. This review focuses on the identification and definition of GAS 
      elements, their interaction with Stat transcription factors, and their 
      contribution to the specificity of cytokine-induced gene expression.
FAU - Decker, T
AU  - Decker T
AD  - Vienna Biocenter, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Austria. 
      decker@gem.univie.ac.at
FAU - Kovarik, P
AU  - Kovarik P
FAU - Meinke, A
AU  - Meinke A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - J Interferon Cytokine Res
JT  - Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the 
      International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research
JID - 9507088
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Cytokine)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Growth Factor)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (gamma interferon activation factor)
RN  - 82115-62-6 (Interferon-gamma)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation/*drug effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3
MH  - Interferon-gamma/*pharmacology
MH  - Receptors, Cytokine/physiology
MH  - Receptors, Growth Factor/physiology
MH  - Signal Transduction/physiology
MH  - Transcription Factors/*metabolism
MH  - *Transcriptional Activation
RF  - 166
EDAT- 1997/03/01 00:00
MHDA- 1997/03/01 00:01
CRDT- 1997/03/01 00:00
PHST- 1997/03/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1997/03/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1997/03/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1089/jir.1997.17.121 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Interferon Cytokine Res. 1997 Mar;17(3):121-34. doi: 10.1089/jir.1997.17.121.