PMID- 9094660
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19970425
LR  - 20200724
IS  - 0022-538X (Print)
IS  - 1098-5514 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-538X (Linking)
VI  - 71
IP  - 5
DP  - 1997 May
TI  - Maturation of the cellular and humoral immune responses to persistent infection 
      in horses by equine infectious anemia virus is a complex and lengthy process.
PG  - 3840-52
AB  - Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) provides a natural model system by which 
      immunological control of lentivirus infections may be studied. To date, no 
      detailed study addressing in parallel both the humoral and cellular immune 
      responses induced in horses upon infection by EIAV has been conducted. Therefore, 
      we initiated the first comprehensive characterization of the cellular and humoral 
      immune responses during clinical progression from chronic disease to inapparent 
      stages of EIAV infection. Using new analyses of antibody avidity and antibody 
      epitope conformation dependence that had not been previously employed in this 
      system, we observed that the humoral immune response to EIAV required a 6- to 
      8-month period in which to fully mature. During this time frame, EIAV-specific 
      antibody evolved gradually from a population characterized by low-avidity, 
      nonneutralizing, and predominantly linear epitope specificity to an antibody 
      population with an avidity of moderate to high levels, neutralizing activity, and 
      predominantly conformational epitope specificity. Analyses of the cell-mediated 
      immune response to EIAV revealed CD4+ and CD8+ major histocompatibility 
      complex-restricted, EIAV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity apparent 
      within 3 to 4 weeks postinfection, temporally correlating with the resolution of 
      the primary viremia. After resolution of the initial viremia, EIAV-specific CTL 
      activity differed greatly among the experimentally infected ponies, with some 
      animals having readily detectable CTL activity while others had little measurable 
      CTL activity. Thus, in contrast to the initial viremia, it appeared that no 
      single immune parameter correlated with the resolution of further viremic 
      episodes. Instead, immune control of EIAV infection during the clinically 
      inapparent stage of infection appears to rely on a complex combination of immune 
      system mechanisms to suppress viral replication that effectively functions only 
      after the immune system has evolved to a fully mature state 6 to 8 months 
      postinfection. These findings strongly imply the necessity for candidate EIAV and 
      other lentivirus vaccines to achieve this immune system maturation for 
      efficacious immunological control of lentivirus challenge.
FAU - Hammond, S A
AU  - Hammond SA
AD  - Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University 
      of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
FAU - Cook, S J
AU  - Cook SJ
FAU - Lichtenstein, D L
AU  - Lichtenstein DL
FAU - Issel, C J
AU  - Issel CJ
FAU - Montelaro, R C
AU  - Montelaro RC
LA  - eng
GR  - 5RO1 AI25810/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - 5T32 AI07487/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JT  - Journal of virology
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin G)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/*blood
MH  - Antibody Affinity
MH  - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
MH  - Equine Infectious Anemia/*immunology
MH  - Horses
MH  - Immunoglobulin G/blood
MH  - *Lymphocyte Activation
MH  - Major Histocompatibility Complex
MH  - Protein Conformation
MH  - T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
PMC - PMC191535
EDAT- 1997/05/01 00:00
MHDA- 1997/05/01 00:01
PMCR- 1997/05/01
CRDT- 1997/05/01 00:00
PHST- 1997/05/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1997/05/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1997/05/01 00:00 [entrez]
PHST- 1997/05/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1128/JVI.71.5.3840-3852.1997 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol. 1997 May;71(5):3840-52. doi: 10.1128/JVI.71.5.3840-3852.1997.