PMID- 9152512
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19970728
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0163-4984 (Print)
IS  - 0163-4984 (Linking)
VI  - 56
IP  - 1
DP  - 1997 Jan
TI  - Genomic structures of viral agents in relation to the biosynthesis of 
      selenoproteins.
PG  - 63-91
AB  - The genomes of both bacteria and eukaryotic organisms are known to encode 
      selenoproteins, using the UGA codon for seleno-cysteine (SeC), and a complex 
      cotranslational mechanism for SeC incorporation into polypeptide chains, 
      involving RNA stem-loop structures. These common features and similar codon usage 
      strongly suggest that this is an ancient evolutionary development. However, the 
      possibility that some viruses might also encode selenoproteins remained 
      unexplored until recently. Based on an analysis of the genomic structure of the 
      human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1, we demonstrated that several regions 
      overlapping known HIV genes have the potential to encode selenoproteins (Taylor 
      et al. [31], J. Med. Chem. 37, 2637-2654 [1994]). This is provocative in the 
      light of overwhelming evidence of a role for oxidative stress in AIDS 
      pathogenesis, and the fact that a number of viral diseases have been linked to 
      selenium (Se) deficiency, either in humans or by in vitro and animal studies. 
      These include HIV-AIDS, hepatitis B linked to liver disease and cancer, Coxsackie 
      virus B3, Keshan disease, and the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), against which 
      Se is a potent chemoprotective agent. There are also established biochemical 
      mechanisms whereby extreme Se deficiency can induce a proclotting or hemorrhagic 
      effect, suggesting that hemorrhagic fever viruses should also be examined for 
      potential virally encoded selenoproteins. In addition to the RNA stem-loop 
      structures required for SeC insertion at UGA codons, genomic structural features 
      that may be required for selenoprotein synthesis can also include ribosomal 
      frameshift sites and RNA pseudoknots if the potential selenoprotein module 
      overlaps with another gene, which may prove to be the rule rather than the 
      exception in viruses. One such pseudoknot that we predicted in HIV-1 has now been 
      verified experimentally; a similar structure can be demonstrated in precisely the 
      same location in the reverse transcriptase coding region of hepatitis B virus. 
      Significant new findings reported here include the existence of highly 
      distinctive glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)-related sequences in Coxsackie B 
      viruses, new theoretical data related to a previously proposed potential 
      selenoprotein gene overlapping the HIV protease coding region, and further 
      evidence in support of a novel frameshift site in the HIV nef gene associated 
      with a well-conserved UGA codon in the 1-reading frame.
FAU - Taylor, E W
AU  - Taylor EW
AD  - Computational Center for Molecular Structure and Design, University of Georgia, 
      Athens 30601-2352, USA. wtaylor@rx.uga.edu
FAU - Nadimpalli, R G
AU  - Nadimpalli RG
FAU - Ramanathan, C S
AU  - Ramanathan CS
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/D00149
SI  - GENBANK/D16249
SI  - GENBANK/K02013
SI  - GENBANK/M13563
SI  - GENBANK/M60399
SI  - GENBANK/S76772
SI  - GENBANK/X51970
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Biol Trace Elem Res
JT  - Biological trace element research
JID - 7911509
RN  - 0 (Codon)
RN  - 0 (Proteins)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Selenoproteins)
RN  - EC 1.11.1.9 (Glutathione Peroxidase)
RN  - H6241UJ22B (Selenium)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Codon/genetics
MH  - Enterovirus/genetics
MH  - *Genome, Viral
MH  - Glutathione Peroxidase/chemistry/genetics
MH  - HIV-1/genetics
MH  - Hepatitis B virus/genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics
MH  - Mice
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Models, Molecular
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Nucleic Acid Conformation
MH  - *Protein Biosynthesis
MH  - Proteins/*genetics
MH  - RNA, Viral/chemistry/genetics
MH  - Selenium/deficiency/metabolism
MH  - Selenoproteins
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Viruses/*genetics/*metabolism
EDAT- 1997/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 1997/01/01 00:01
CRDT- 1997/01/01 00:00
PHST- 1997/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1997/01/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1997/01/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/BF02778984 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Biol Trace Elem Res. 1997 Jan;56(1):63-91. doi: 10.1007/BF02778984.