PMID- 9231193
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19970812
LR  - 20190512
IS  - 0035-9203 (Print)
IS  - 0035-9203 (Linking)
VI  - 91
IP  - 3
DP  - 1997 May-Jun
TI  - Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus infection in the western province of Saudi 
      Arabia.
PG  - 275-8
AB  - In 1990, an outbreak of suspected viral haemorrhagic fever involving 7 
      individuals occurred in Mecca in the Western Province of Saudi Arabia. 
      Congo-Crimean haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), not previously known to be present in 
      Saudi Arabia, was incriminated. A study of the epidemiology of this virus was 
      therefore carried out in Mecca, and in nearby Jeddah and Taif in 1991-1993; 13 
      species of ixodid ticks (5 Hyalomma spp., 5 Rhipicephalus spp., 2 Amblyomma spp., 
      1 Boophilus sp.) were collected from livestock (camels, cattle, sheep, goats), 
      and of these 10 were capable of transmitting CCHF. Camels had the highest rate of 
      tick infestation (97%), and H. dromedarii was the commonest tick (70%). Attempts 
      to isolate virus from pools of H. dromedarii and H. anatolicum anatolicum were 
      unsuccessful. The source of infection in 3 confirmed cases of CCHF was contact 
      with fresh mutton and, in a suspected case, slaughtering sheep. An investigation 
      in Mecca, which included a serological survey of abattoir workers, identified 40 
      human cases of confirmed or suspected CCHF between 1989 and 1990, with 12 
      fatalities. Significant risk factors included exposure to animal blood or tissue 
      in abattoirs, but not tick bites. It is suspected that the CCHF virus may have 
      been introduced to Saudi Arabia by infected ticks on imported sheep arriving at 
      Jeddah seaport, and that it is now endemic in the Western Province.
FAU - el-Azazy, O M
AU  - el-Azazy OM
AD  - Veterinary Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Jeddah, Kingdom of 
      Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Scrimgeour, E M
AU  - Scrimgeour EM
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg
JT  - Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
JID - 7506129
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Animals
MH  - Camelus
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Cattle Diseases/parasitology
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Female
MH  - Goat Diseases/parasitology
MH  - Goats
MH  - Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/epidemiology/*transmission
MH  - Humans
MH  - Ixodes
MH  - Male
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Saudi Arabia/epidemiology
MH  - Sheep
MH  - Sheep Diseases/parasitology
MH  - Tick Infestations/epidemiology/veterinary
EDAT- 1997/05/01 00:00
MHDA- 1997/05/01 00:01
CRDT- 1997/05/01 00:00
PHST- 1997/05/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1997/05/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1997/05/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1016/s0035-9203(97)90072-9 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1997 May-Jun;91(3):275-8. doi: 
      10.1016/s0035-9203(97)90072-9.