PMID- 9242230
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19970821
LR  - 20171116
IS  - 0098-4108 (Print)
IS  - 0098-4108 (Linking)
VI  - 51
IP  - 6
DP  - 1997 Aug 29
TI  - Effects of vanadium upon polyl:C-induced responses in rat lung and alveolar 
      macrophages.
PG  - 591-608
AB  - Hosts exposed to vanadium (V) display a subsequent decrease in their resistance 
      to infectious microorganisms. Our earlier studies with rats inhaling 
      occupationally relevant levels of V (as, ammonium metavanadate, NH4VO3) indicated 
      that several nascent/inducible functions of pulmonary macrophages (PAM) were 
      reduced. In the present study, V-exposed rats were examined to determine whether 
      some of the same effects might also occur in situ. Rats were exposed nose-only to 
      air or 2 mg V/m3 (as NH4VO3) for 8 h/d for 4 d, followed, 24 h later, by 
      intratracheal (it) instillation of polyinosinic:polycytidilic acid (polyl:C) or 
      saline. Analysis of lavaged lung cells/fluids after polyl:C instillation 
      indicated that total lavageable cell/neutrophil numbers and protein levels, while 
      significantly elevated in both exposure groups (as well as in saline-treated 
      V-exposed rats), were always greater in V-exposed hosts. Exposure to V also 
      affected the inducible production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interferon gamma 
      (IFN gamma), but apparently not that of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) 
      or IL-1. Although polyl:C induced significant increases in lavage fluid IL-6 and 
      IFN gamma levels in both exposure groups, levels were greater in V-exposed rats. 
      If calculated with respect to total lavaged protein, however, V-exposed rats 
      produced significantly less cytokine. Following polyl:C instillation, there were 
      no marked exposure-related differences in basal or stimulated superoxide anion 
      production by pooled lavaged cells or PAM specifically. With V-exposed rats, 
      pooled cells recovered 24 h after saline instillation displayed reduced 
      production (in both cases) compared to the air control cells; PAM-specific 
      production was affected only after stimulation. In both exposure groups, polyl:C 
      caused decreased superoxide production in recovered cells. Though less apparent 
      with pooled cells, there was a time post polyl:C instillation-dependent decrease 
      in stimulated PAM-specific superoxide production; this effect was greater in PAM 
      from V-exposed rats than in PAM from air controls. Phagocytic activity of PAM 
      from rats in both exposure groups was significantly increased by polyl:C 
      instillation, although total activity in cells obtained from V-exposed rats was 
      always significantly lower compared to air control cells. Our results indicate 
      that short-term, repeated inhalation of occupationally relevant levels of V by 
      rats modulates pulmonary immunocompetence. Modified cytokine production and PAM 
      functionality in response to biological response modifiers (such as 
      lipopolysaccharide, IFN gamma, or polyl:C) may be, at least in part, responsible 
      for the increases in bronchopulmonary disease in humans occupationally exposed to 
      V.
FAU - Cohen, M D
AU  - Cohen MD
AD  - Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical Center, 
      New York 10987, USA. cohenm@charlotte.med.nyu.edu
FAU - Becker, S
AU  - Becker S
FAU - Devlin, R
AU  - Devlin R
FAU - Schlesinger, R B
AU  - Schlesinger RB
FAU - Zelikoff, J T
AU  - Zelikoff JT
LA  - eng
GR  - ES00260/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - OH03064-01/OH/NIOSH CDC HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - J Toxicol Environ Health
JT  - Journal of toxicology and environmental health
JID - 7513622
RN  - 0 (Interferon Inducers)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
RN  - 11062-77-4 (Superoxides)
RN  - 3WHH0066W5 (Vanadates)
RN  - 82115-62-6 (Interferon-gamma)
RN  - FL85PX638G (ammonium metavanadate)
RN  - O84C90HH2L (Poly I-C)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Inhalation
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/cytology
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Interferon Inducers/*pharmacology
MH  - Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
MH  - Interleukin-6/biosynthesis
MH  - Lung/drug effects/*metabolism
MH  - Macrophages, Alveolar/drug effects/*metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Phagocytosis
MH  - Poly I-C/*pharmacology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Inbred F344
MH  - Reactive Oxygen Species
MH  - Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
MH  - Superoxides/metabolism
MH  - Vanadates/administration & dosage/*toxicity
EDAT- 1997/08/29 00:00
MHDA- 1997/08/29 00:01
CRDT- 1997/08/29 00:00
PHST- 1997/08/29 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1997/08/29 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1997/08/29 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/00984109708984046 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Toxicol Environ Health. 1997 Aug 29;51(6):591-608. doi: 
      10.1080/00984109708984046.