PMID- 9294771
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19971106
LR  - 20190909
IS  - 0021-9304 (Print)
IS  - 0021-9304 (Linking)
VI  - 36
IP  - 4
DP  - 1997 Sep 15
TI  - Hydrophilicity of polymers and soft tissue responses: a quantitative analysis.
PG  - 542-9
AB  - This study investigates the effect of changing the hydrophilicity of polyurethane 
      on the soft tissue inflammatory response after implantation into rats. A series 
      of five polyurethanes were made from the macrodiols poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), 
      poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO), poly (hexamethylene oxide) (PHMO), 
      poly(octamethylene oxide) (POMO), and poly(decamethylene oxide) (PDMO). In the 
      sequence the macrodiols become less polar and phase separation in the polymer 
      increases, creating a range of hydrophilicity. These five polyurethanes were 
      studied along with commercial Pellethane 2363-80A. The materials were implanted 
      intramuscularly into rats for 7 days, 1 month, and 3 months. The inflammatory 
      response was analyzed using a combination of immunohistochemistry, enzyme 
      histochemistry, and image analysis to determine the specific cell types involved 
      in the response and to quantify these cellular responses. The presence of three 
      cytokines also was investigated. The cell types targeted were neutrophils, 
      monocytes, macrophages, and T and B lymphocytes. The cytokines target were tumor 
      necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemotactic 
      protein 1 (MCP-1). All samples were positive for macrophages and activated 
      macrophages, TNF alpha, and MCP-1, and negative for all other antibodies. The 
      response was sustained throughout the implantation period with no significant 
      difference among the samples except at the 7-day time point. The study 
      demonstrated an absence of lymphocytes and neutrophils in a response that was 
      sustained in terms of macrophages with the presence of TNF alpha and MCP-1 and 
      the absence of IL-6. The position of subsets of macrophages with respect to 
      increasing distance from the implants was demonstrated to be significant and 
      consistent within this series of polyurethanes.
FAU - Hunt, J A
AU  - Hunt JA
AD  - Department of Clinical Engineering, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
FAU - Meijs, G
AU  - Meijs G
FAU - Williams, D F
AU  - Williams DF
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - J Biomed Mater Res
JT  - Journal of biomedical materials research
JID - 0112726
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Polyurethanes)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Count
MH  - Chemical Phenomena
MH  - Chemistry, Physical
MH  - Cytokines/biosynthesis
MH  - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Implants, Experimental
MH  - Materials Testing
MH  - Polyurethanes/*adverse effects/*chemistry
MH  - Rats
EDAT- 1997/09/19 00:00
MHDA- 2000/06/20 09:00
CRDT- 1997/09/19 00:00
PHST- 1997/09/19 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2000/06/20 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 1997/09/19 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(19970915)36:4<542::AID-JBM13>3.0.CO;2-C [pii]
AID - 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(19970915)36:4<542::aid-jbm13>3.0.co;2-c [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Biomed Mater Res. 1997 Sep 15;36(4):542-9. doi: 
      10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(19970915)36:4<542::aid-jbm13>3.0.co;2-c.