PMID- 9387012
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19980122
LR  - 20191024
IS  - 0937-9827 (Print)
IS  - 0937-9827 (Linking)
VI  - 110
IP  - 6
DP  - 1997
TI  - The expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the rat brain after fluid 
      percussive injury.
PG  - 305-11
AB  - To investigate the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) after 
      traumatic head injury in rats, moderate brain injury of 1000 mmHg was generated 
      by an original fluid percussion injury device. TNF alpha levels in cerebrospinal 
      fluid (CSF) gradually increased during the first 1 h, rose to a maximal elevation 
      at 3 h and 6 h and returned to basal values by 24 h. Horseradish peroxidase 
      tracer experiments revealed that primary microvascular damage appeared as early 
      as 15 min after impact, but rapidly recovered and 1 h after impact secondary 
      microvascular damage occurred in the hippocampus and parasagittal cortex. By 
      immunoelectron microscopy, TNF alpha reactions were detected in the lysosomes of 
      microglia accumulated at the impact site of the cortex 30 min after impact, and 1 
      h after impact these reactions were mainly detected at the glial cells (such as 
      microglia and astrocytes) in the hippocampus and parasagittal cortex. Therefore 
      the delayed microvascular damage observed in sites remote from the impact may be 
      induced by TNF alpha which is synthesized mainly by glial cells. The present 
      study suggests that TNF alpha conveyed from the microglial cells is one co-factor 
      contributing to the fluid percussive brain edema formation after moderate brain 
      injury.
FAU - Kita, T
AU  - Kita T
AD  - Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational 
      and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan. kita@med.uoeh-u.ac.jp
FAU - Liu, L
AU  - Liu L
FAU - Tanaka, N
AU  - Tanaka N
FAU - Kinoshita, Y
AU  - Kinoshita Y
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Germany
TA  - Int J Legal Med
JT  - International journal of legal medicine
JID - 9101456
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - Blood-Brain Barrier
MH  - Brain Injuries/*cerebrospinal fluid
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Male
MH  - Microglia/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*cerebrospinal fluid
MH  - Wounds, Gunshot/*cerebrospinal fluid
EDAT- 1997/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 1997/12/05 00:01
CRDT- 1997/01/01 00:00
PHST- 1997/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1997/12/05 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1997/01/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s004140050093 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Legal Med. 1997;110(6):305-11. doi: 10.1007/s004140050093.