PMID- 9431825
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19980211
LR  - 20190512
IS  - 0306-5251 (Print)
IS  - 1365-2125 (Electronic)
IS  - 0306-5251 (Linking)
VI  - 44
IP  - 6
DP  - 1997 Dec
TI  - Effect of high-fat, high-protein, and high-carbohydrate meals on the 
      pharmacokinetics of a small dose of ethanol.
PG  - 521-6
AB  - AIMS: To investigate whether the relative amounts of fat, carbohydrate (CHO), or 
      protein in a meal influence the pharmacokinetics of a small dose of ethanol. 
      METHODS: Nine healthy men received ethanol (0.30 g kg-1 body weight) on five 
      occasions in a randomized cross-over fashion. On three occasions the dose of 
      ethanol was consumed within 15 min of eating a standardized breakfast of similar 
      volume and calorific value but containing different amounts of fat, CHO, and 
      protein. On two other occasions the same dose of ethanol was ingested on an empty 
      stomach (overnight fast) or administered by intravenous (i.v.) infusion over 30 
      min. RESULTS: The blood-ethanol profiles showed large inter and intraindividual 
      variations, especially when ethanol was ingested after eating food. The peak 
      blood-alcohol concentrations (BAC) were 16.6 +/- 4.0, 17.7 +/- 7.1, and 13.3 +/- 
      4.0 mg dl-1 (mean +/- s.d.) after fat, CHO, and protein-rich meals and 30.8 +/- 
      4.3 and 54.3 +/- 6.4 mg dl-1 after fasting and i.v. infusion, respectively. The 
      corresponding areas under the concentration-time profiles (AUC) were 1767 +/ 
      -549, 1619 +/- 760 1270 +/- 406 mg dl-1 min after fat, CHO, and protein-rich 
      meals compared with 3210 +/- 527 and 4786 +/- 446 mg dl-1 min after fasting and 
      i.v. infusion, respectively. The time required to eliminate ethanol from the 
      blood was shortened by 1-2 h in the fed-state. CONCLUSIONS: Drinking ethanol 
      after eating a meal, regardless of the nutritional composition, decreases the 
      systemic availability of ethanol. Because gastric emptying is slow and more 
      prolonged with food in the stomach, the delivery of ethanol to the duodenum and 
      the liver will be highly variable as will the hepatic clearance of ethanol. 
      Provided that portal venous BAC remains fairly low and ethanol metabolizing 
      enzymes are not fully saturated then part of the dose of ethanol can be cleared 
      by hepatic first-pass metabolism (FPM), as one consequence of Michaelis-Menten 
      elimination kinetics.
FAU - Jones, A W
AU  - Jones AW
AD  - Department of Forensic Toxicology, National Laboratory of Forensic Chemistry, 
      University Hospital, Linkoping, Sweden.
FAU - Jonsson, K A
AU  - Jonsson KA
FAU - Kechagias, S
AU  - Kechagias S
LA  - eng
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - Br J Clin Pharmacol
JT  - British journal of clinical pharmacology
JID - 7503323
RN  - 0 (Central Nervous System Depressants)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Fats)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Proteins)
RN  - 3K9958V90M (Ethanol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Oral
MH  - Adult
MH  - Area Under Curve
MH  - Central Nervous System Depressants/administration & 
      dosage/blood/*pharmacokinetics
MH  - Chromatography, Gas
MH  - Cross-Over Studies
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/*pharmacology
MH  - Dietary Fats/*pharmacology
MH  - Dietary Proteins/*pharmacology
MH  - Ethanol/administration & dosage/blood/*pharmacokinetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infusions, Intravenous
MH  - Male
PMC - PMC2042884
EDAT- 1998/02/12 00:00
MHDA- 1998/02/12 00:01
PMCR- 1998/06/01
CRDT- 1998/02/12 00:00
PHST- 1998/02/12 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1998/02/12 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1998/02/12 00:00 [entrez]
PHST- 1998/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1046/j.1365-2125.1997.t01-1-00620.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1997 Dec;44(6):521-6. doi: 
      10.1046/j.1365-2125.1997.t01-1-00620.x.