PMID- 9459243
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19980219
LR  - 20190704
IS  - 0003-2999 (Print)
IS  - 0003-2999 (Linking)
VI  - 86
IP  - 2
DP  - 1998 Feb
TI  - Wavelet analysis of embolic heart sound detected by precordial Doppler ultrasound 
      during continuous venous air embolism in dogs.
PG  - 325-31
AB  - The spectrum of the embolic heart sounds (EHS) detected by precordial Doppler 
      ultrasound has been previously characterized, but only on small volumes of venous 
      air embolism (VAE). We sought to determine whether real-time wavelet analysis is 
      useful in analyzing the signals of EHS and whether the embolic power of the EHS 
      for larger volumes of air is proportionate to the volume of VAE that has been 
      reported for small volumes of VAE. A series of small air boli (0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 
      0.07, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.8 mL), followed by continuous infusion of 
      larger volumes of air (0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 4.8, and 9.6 mL), was injected into the 
      external jugular vein through a central catheter in seven 
      pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. We measured the spectrum of the Doppler heart 
      sound (DHS) in a real-time manner by using wavelet analysis at different scales. 
      Wavelet analysis at scale = 1 yielded satisfactory results in distinguishing 
      abnormal EHS from normal DHS with high sensitivity (100%) and good positive 
      predictive value (100%) compared with the conventional method, which requires an 
      anesthesiologist to listen to the audio DHS signals in a real-time manner. There 
      was a linear relationship (y = 1.08x + 7.89, r = 0.75, P < 0.001) between the 
      cumulative embolic power of the EHS and the air volume introduced in the form of 
      either bolus or continuous infusion. The 95% confidence intervals for slope and 
      intercept were 0.89-1.27 and 7.65-8.13, respectively. Our results suggest that 
      wavelet analysis is effective as a real-time monitor and that it is possible to 
      distinguish larger volumes of air emboli based on previous injections of small 
      volumes of air. IMPLICATIONS: The real-time wavelet analysis of the heart sound 
      detected by precordial Doppler ultrasound may be useful in estimating larger 
      volumes of air emboli based on previous injections of small volumes of air in 
      anesthetized dogs.
FAU - Lui, P W
AU  - Lui PW
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei and National 
      Yang-Ming University, Taiwan, Republic of China. pwlui@vghtpe.gov.tw
FAU - Chan, B C
AU  - Chan BC
FAU - Chan, F H
AU  - Chan FH
FAU - Poon, P W
AU  - Poon PW
FAU - Wang, H
AU  - Wang H
FAU - Lam, F K
AU  - Lam FK
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Anesth Analg
JT  - Anesthesia and analgesia
JID - 1310650
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Dogs
MH  - *Echocardiography, Doppler
MH  - Embolism, Air/*diagnosis
MH  - Jugular Veins
MH  - Regression Analysis
EDAT- 1998/02/12 00:00
MHDA- 1998/02/12 00:01
CRDT- 1998/02/12 00:00
PHST- 1998/02/12 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1998/02/12 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1998/02/12 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1097/00000539-199802000-00021 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Anesth Analg. 1998 Feb;86(2):325-31. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199802000-00021.