PMID- 9485530
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19980505
LR  - 20211203
IS  - 0161-8105 (Print)
IS  - 0161-8105 (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 1
DP  - 1998
TI  - Correlates of daytime sleepiness in 4578 elderly persons: the Cardiovascular 
      Health Study.
PG  - 27-36
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of self-reported daytime sleepiness in 
      older men and women and to describe their relationships with demographic factors, 
      nocturnal complaints, health status, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). DESIGN: 
      Cross-sectional survey and clinical exam. SETTING: Participants in the 
      Cardiovascular Health Study, 4578 adults aged 65 and older, recruited from a 
      random sample of non-institutionalized Medicare enrollees in four U.S. 
      communities. MEASURES: Daytime sleepiness measured by the Epworth Sleepiness 
      Scale (ESS), magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (MRI), cognitive function 
      tests, and standardized questionnaires for cardiopulmonary symptoms and diseases, 
      depressive symptoms, social support, activities of daily living, physical 
      activity, and current medications. RESULTS: Approximately 20% of the participants 
      reported that they were "usually sleepy in the daytime". Although elderly black 
      men were less likely to report frequent awakenings than those in the other three 
      race and gender groups, they had significantly higher mean ESS scores. The 
      following were independently associated with higher ESS scores in gender-specific 
      models: non-white race, depression, loud snoring, awakening with dyspnea or 
      snorting, frequent nocturnal awakenings, medications used to treat congestive 
      heart failure, non-use of sleeping pills, a sedentary lifestyle, and limitation 
      of activities of daily living in both men and women; additional correlates 
      included hip circumference and current smoking in men, and hayfever in women. The 
      following were not independently associated with ESS in the models: age, 
      education, use of wine or beer to aid sleep, use of tricyclic antidepressants, 
      long- or short-acting benzodiazepines, asthma, angina, myocardial infarction, 
      congestive heart failure itself, forced vital capacity, social support, cognitive 
      function, or MRI evidence of global brain atrophy or white matter abnormality. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Daytime sleepiness is common in the elderly, probably due to 
      nocturnal disturbances such as frequent awakenings and snoring. The occasional 
      use of sleeping pills for insomnia is associated with reduced daytime sleepiness 
      in the elderly, while the use of medications for congestive heart failure is 
      associated with daytime sleepiness. Surprisingly, anatomic abnormalities such as 
      evidence of previous strokes and brain atrophy (as seen on brain MRI scans) were 
      not associated with daytime sleepiness in these non-institutionalized elderly 
      persons.
FAU - Whitney, C W
AU  - Whitney CW
AD  - Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
FAU - Enright, P L
AU  - Enright PL
FAU - Newman, A B
AU  - Newman AB
FAU - Bonekat, W
AU  - Bonekat W
FAU - Foley, D
AU  - Foley D
FAU - Quan, S F
AU  - Quan SF
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Sleep
JT  - Sleep
JID - 7809084
SB  - IM
MH  - Activities of Daily Living
MH  - Age Distribution
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Brain/*anatomy & histology
MH  - Cardiovascular Diseases/*diagnosis/epidemiology
MH  - *Circadian Rhythm
MH  - Cognition Disorders/diagnosis/epidemiology
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/*epidemiology
MH  - Electrocardiography
MH  - Female
MH  - *Health Status
MH  - *Health Surveys
MH  - Humans
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Male
MH  - Neuropsychological Tests
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Racial Groups
MH  - Sex Distribution
EDAT- 1998/03/05 00:00
MHDA- 1998/03/05 00:01
CRDT- 1998/03/05 00:00
PHST- 1998/03/05 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1998/03/05 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1998/03/05 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1093/sleep/21.1.27 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sleep. 1998;21(1):27-36. doi: 10.1093/sleep/21.1.27.