PMID- 9568130
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19980514
LR  - 20180217
IS  - 0001-5547 (Print)
IS  - 0001-5547 (Linking)
VI  - 42
IP  - 2
DP  - 1998 Mar-Apr
TI  - Nuclear protrusions in cells from cytologic specimens. Mechanisms of formation.
PG  - 317-29
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanisms of formation of nuclear protrusions (NPs) 
      encountered in cytologic specimens and specifically the possibility of their 
      being the result of an aberrant division of the cell and to determine how 
      widespread the NP phenomenon is in cells from various tissues. STUDY DESIGN: Six 
      hundred fifty-four cervical smears out of 5,000 with abundant cervical columnar 
      epithelium examined were found to have many cells with NPs (group A). These cells 
      were studied: (A) by light microscopy to define the structure and stages of 
      formation of NPs, (B) by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), (C) by tubulin 
      immunostaining for detection of mitotic spindle-associated microtubular 
      structures, (D) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) utilizing X 
      chromosome probes to monitor chromosomal movement into NPs, and (E) by direct 
      fluorescence microscopy to examine autofluorescence patterns in cells with NPs. 
      Also, tissue sections of 240 cervical cone biopsies, many including 
      intraepithelial neoplasia (group B), were examined for NPs, and sections 
      containing NPs were subjected to TEM. Last, 390 nongynecologic cytologic 
      specimens from various lesions and organs obtained by fine needle aspiration or 
      brushing methods were examined for the presence of NPs. RESULTS: NPs were found 
      in a variety of tissues, epithelial and nonepithelial. Their formation in the 
      cases examined appeared to be related to cell division, as indicated by: the 
      light microscopic findings; the TEM findings (centriole at their tip, indication 
      of spindle formation, nucleolar movement into the NP and suggestion of 
      chromosomal movement as well); positive tubulin immunostaining of 
      centrosome-centriole in NPs and also of the underlying region of the nuclear 
      pole, indicating the presence of microtubules consistent with mitotic spindle; 
      and movement of one X chromosome into NPs, as shown by FISH. CONCLUSION: NPs are 
      formed in cells from a variety of tissues, epithelial and nonepithelial. In many 
      cases they appear to result from aberrant cell division--namely, unipolar 
      mitosis--occurring before prophase events are completed. Another possible 
      mechanism of NP formation not involving cell division is through alteration or 
      remodeling of the cytoskeleton of the cell; that was shown experimentally to 
      produce nuclear volume and shape changes, including formation of protrusions.
FAU - Zaharopoulos, P
AU  - Zaharopoulos P
AD  - Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550, 
      USA.
FAU - Wong, J
AU  - Wong J
FAU - Wen, J W
AU  - Wen JW
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Acta Cytol
JT  - Acta cytologica
JID - 0370307
RN  - 0 (Tubulin)
SB  - IM
EIN - Acta Cytol 1998 Nov-Dec;42(6):1495
MH  - Adult
MH  - Cell Cycle
MH  - Cell Nucleus
MH  - Cervix Uteri/*pathology/ultrastructure
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Microscopy, Electron
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Staining and Labeling/methods
MH  - Tubulin/analysis
MH  - Vaginal Smears
MH  - X Chromosome
EDAT- 1998/05/06 00:00
MHDA- 1998/05/06 00:01
CRDT- 1998/05/06 00:00
PHST- 1998/05/06 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1998/05/06 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1998/05/06 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1159/000331610 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Acta Cytol. 1998 Mar-Apr;42(2):317-29. doi: 10.1159/000331610.