PMID- 9651050
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19980710
LR  - 20190831
IS  - 0278-6915 (Print)
IS  - 0278-6915 (Linking)
VI  - 36
IP  - 4
DP  - 1998 Apr
TI  - Strategies for identifying false positive responses in predictive skin 
      sensitization tests.
PG  - 327-33
AB  - It is important that predictive toxicological test methods are selective for 
      their intended endpoint and that their limitations are understood and 
      acknowledged. The local lymph node assay (LLNA) is a relatively new predictive 
      test for skin sensitization potential that can replace traditional guinea pig 
      tests and offers significant scientific and animal welfare advantages. However, 
      there has been some concern that certain irritant materials may yield false 
      positive results, although it must be emphasized that false positives also occur 
      in guinea pig methods. Consequently, we have examined the performance in the LLNA 
      of a range of skin irritants, from varying chemical classes and covering a range 
      of irritation potency. The results presented here demonstrate clearly that the 
      majority of skin irritants are negative in the LLNA. These results are reviewed 
      in the context of the occurrence of false positive reactions in the guinea pig 
      maximization test and the strategies for dealing with such results are discussed. 
      The need for careful scientific evaluation of the results in all predictive tests 
      for sensitization is thus emphasized. In terms of specificity, the LLNA has been 
      more fully evaluated than other predictive test methods and is at least as 
      accurate. In terms of animal welfare, objectivity, reproducibility and 
      reliability it is superior to other methods. In summary, all predictive skin 
      sensitization test results should be evaluated in a scientifically rigorous 
      manner and the additional data provided herein further support the adoption of 
      the LLNA as a complete replacement for the traditional guinea pig methods.
FAU - Basketter, D A
AU  - Basketter DA
AD  - Unilever Environmental Safety Laboratory, Sharnbrook, Bedford, UK.
FAU - Gerberick, G F
AU  - Gerberick GF
FAU - Kimber, I
AU  - Kimber I
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - England
TA  - Food Chem Toxicol
JT  - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British 
      Industrial Biological Research Association
JID - 8207483
RN  - 0 (Irritants)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Dermatitis, Contact/*diagnosis
MH  - False Positive Reactions
MH  - Guinea Pigs
MH  - Irritants/*toxicity
MH  - Predictive Value of Tests
RF  - 45
EDAT- 1998/07/03 00:00
MHDA- 1998/07/03 00:01
CRDT- 1998/07/03 00:00
PHST- 1998/07/03 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1998/07/03 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1998/07/03 00:00 [entrez]
AID - S0278-6915(97)00158-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/s0278-6915(97)00158-0 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Food Chem Toxicol. 1998 Apr;36(4):327-33. doi: 10.1016/s0278-6915(97)00158-0.