PMID- 9658068 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 19980805 LR - 20240314 IS - 0022-538X (Print) IS - 1098-5514 (Electronic) IS - 0022-538X (Linking) VI - 72 IP - 8 DP - 1998 Aug TI - A subset of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP3 glycoprotein is released into the culture medium of cells as a non-virion-associated and membrane-free (soluble) form. PG - 6298-306 AB - The GP3 protein of the IAF-Klop strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was expressed in 293 cells by a recombinant human type 5 adenovirus carrying the open reading frame 3 gene. The protein exhibited a molecular mass of 42 kDa and comigrated with GP3 expressed in PRRSV-infected MARC-145 cells. Removal of N-linked glycans from GP3 resulted in a 27-kDa protein (P3), confirming its highly glycosylated nature. Pulse-chase experiments carried out either in the context of PRRSV infection or upon individual expression of GP3 in 293 cells showed that the protein remains completely endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H-sensitive even after 4 h of synthesis. Thus, the transport of GP3 was restricted to the premedial Golgi compartment, presumably the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, a minor fraction of GP3 was found to be secreted in the culture medium as a soluble membrane-free form. This released protein (sGP3) was readily identified upon individual expression of GP3 in 293 cells as well as in the context of PRRSV infection, albeit at lower levels. The sGP3 migrated as a smear and displayed a molecular mass ranging from 43 to 53 kDa. The unglycosylated form of sGP3 comigrated with its intracellular deglycosylated counterpart, suggesting that the release from the cell of a subset of GP3 did not result from cleavage of a putative membrane-anchor sequence. Strikingly, unlike GP3, the sGP3 acquired Golgi-specific modifications of its carbohydrate side chains and folded into a disulfide-linked homodimer. Brefeldin A treatment completely abolished the release of sGP3, suggesting that the ER-to-Golgi compartment is an obligatory step in cellular secretion of sGP3. In contrast, 10 mM monensin did not prevent sGP3 release but inhibited the terminal glycosylation that confers on the protein its diffuse pattern. Since GP3 was found to be nonstructural in the case of the North American strain, secretion of a minor fraction of GP3 might be an explanation for its high degree of immunogenicity in infected pigs. Furthermore, this secreted protein might be relevant as a model for further studies on the cellular subcompartments involved in the sorting of proteins to the extracellular milieu. FAU - Mardassi, H AU - Mardassi H AD - Centre de Recherche en Virologie, Institut Armand-Frappier, Universite du Quebec, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7N 4Z3. FAU - Gonin, P AU - Gonin P FAU - Gagnon, C A AU - Gagnon CA FAU - Massie, B AU - Massie B FAU - Dea, S AU - Dea S LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - J Virol JT - Journal of virology JID - 0113724 RN - 0 (Culture Media) RN - 0 (Disulfides) RN - 0 (Glycoproteins) RN - 0 (Viral Proteins) SB - IM MH - Adenoviridae MH - Animals MH - Biological Transport MH - Carbohydrate Metabolism MH - Cell Line MH - Cell Membrane/metabolism MH - Culture Media MH - Dimerization MH - Disulfides MH - Genetic Vectors MH - Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism MH - Glycosylation MH - Golgi Apparatus/metabolism MH - Humans MH - Open Reading Frames MH - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/genetics/*metabolism MH - Protein Folding MH - Protein Processing, Post-Translational MH - Solubility MH - Swine MH - Viral Proteins/genetics/*metabolism MH - Virion PMC - PMC109768 EDAT- 1998/07/11 00:00 MHDA- 1998/07/11 00:01 PMCR- 1998/08/01 CRDT- 1998/07/11 00:00 PHST- 1998/07/11 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 1998/07/11 00:01 [medline] PHST- 1998/07/11 00:00 [entrez] PHST- 1998/08/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 0136 [pii] AID - 10.1128/JVI.72.8.6298-6306.1998 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Virol. 1998 Aug;72(8):6298-306. doi: 10.1128/JVI.72.8.6298-6306.1998.