PMID- 9811675
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19981130
LR  - 20200724
IS  - 0022-538X (Print)
IS  - 1098-5514 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-538X (Linking)
VI  - 72
IP  - 12
DP  - 1998 Dec
TI  - Mouse mammary tumor virus sequences responsible for activating cellular 
      oncogenes.
PG  - 9428-35
AB  - Integration of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) near the int genes results in the 
      inappropriate expression of these proto-oncogenes and initiates events that lead 
      to the formation of mammary adenocarcinomas. In most cases, the MMTV provirus 
      integrates in a transcriptional orientation opposite that of the int genes. We 
      have used a novel, vector-based system designed to recapitulate the integration 
      of MMTV upstream of the int-2 promoter. Compared to a cellular promoter or 
      another retroviral promoter, the MMTV long terminal repeat (LTR) in this 
      configuration is particularly efficacious at activating the int-2 promoter. The 
      sequences responsible for enhancing the activity of the int-2 promoter map to two 
      domains in the 5' end of the MMTV LTR. One domain is a previously defined 
      element; the second is an element delineated by these studies that acts 
      synergistically with the first. Both of these elements display mammary 
      cell-specific activity. Thus, even though the MMTV promoter itself is weak 
      without hormonal stimulation, viral integration can position the 5' LTR elements 
      to efficiently activate transcription from cellular proto-oncogenes. Other 
      functional elements in the LTR have little effect on the activation of the int-2 
      promoter. Even stimulation of the MMTV promoter with steroid hormones only 
      modestly activates transcription from the int-2 promoter, suggesting that the 5' 
      elements of the LTR are the predominant determinants of the tissue- and 
      orientation-specific activation of cellular promoters by MMTV.
FAU - Grimm, S L
AU  - Grimm SL
AD  - Program in Molecular Biology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 
      Denver, Colorado 80262, USA.
FAU - Nordeen, S K
AU  - Nordeen SK
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 DK037061/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DK-37061/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JT  - Journal of virology
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (FGF3 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Fgf3 protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 3)
RN  - 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Steroids)
RN  - 62031-54-3 (Fibroblast Growth Factors)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - DNA/genetics
MH  - Enhancer Elements, Genetic
MH  - Female
MH  - Fibroblast Growth Factor 3
MH  - Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation
MH  - Genetic Vectors
MH  - HeLa Cells
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/etiology/genetics/virology
MH  - Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/drug effects/*genetics/*pathogenicity
MH  - Mice
MH  - Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
MH  - Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
MH  - *Proto-Oncogenes/drug effects
MH  - Proviruses/genetics
MH  - Retroviridae Infections/etiology/genetics/virology
MH  - Steroids/pharmacology
MH  - Terminal Repeat Sequences
MH  - Transfection
MH  - Tumor Virus Infections/etiology/genetics/virology
MH  - Virus Integration/genetics
PMC - PMC110428
EDAT- 1998/11/13 00:00
MHDA- 1998/11/13 00:01
PMCR- 1998/12/01
CRDT- 1998/11/13 00:00
PHST- 1998/11/13 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1998/11/13 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1998/11/13 00:00 [entrez]
PHST- 1998/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 0813 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/JVI.72.12.9428-9435.1998 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol. 1998 Dec;72(12):9428-35. doi: 10.1128/JVI.72.12.9428-9435.1998.