PMID- 9852166
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19981230
LR  - 20211203
IS  - 1090-0535 (Electronic)
IS  - 1090-0535 (Linking)
VI  - 4
DP  - 1998 Dec 8
TI  - The cloning of GRK7, a candidate cone opsin kinase, from cone- and rod-dominant 
      mammalian retinas.
PG  - 27
AB  - PURPOSE: Desensitization in the rod cell of the mammalian retina is initiated 
      when light-activated rhodopsin is phosphorylated by the G protein-coupled 
      receptor kinase (GRK), GRK1, often referred to as rhodopsin kinase. A distinct 
      kinase that specifically phosphorylates cone opsins in a similar manner has not 
      been identified in mammals. To determine the existence of a cone opsin kinase, 
      RNA from the retinas of cone- and rod-dominant mammals was analyzed by PCR. 
      METHODS: RNA prepared from the retinas of two cone-dominant mammals, the 
      thirteen-lined ground squirrel and the eastern chipmunk, and a rod-dominant 
      mammal, the pig, was used to clone a new GRK family member by RT-PCR. The tissue 
      distribution and localization of the kinase in retina were determined by Northern 
      blot hybridization and in situ hybridization. The protein encoded by this cDNA 
      was expressed in human embryonic kidney-293 (HEK-293) cells and compared with 
      bovine GRK1 for its ability to phosphorylate bovine rhodopsin and to undergo 
      autophosphorylation. RESULTS: The cDNA cloned from ground squirrel contains an 
      open reading frame encoding a 548 amino-acid protein. Sequence analysis indicates 
      that this protein is orthologous to GRK7 recently cloned from O. latipes, the 
      medaka fish. Partial cDNA fragments of GRK7 were also cloned from RNA prepared 
      from eastern chipmunk and pig retinas. In situ hybridization demonstrated 
      widespread labeling in the photoreceptor layer of the ground squirrel retina, 
      consistent with expression in cones. Recombinant ground squirrel GRK7 
      phosphorylates bovine rhodopsin in a light-dependent manner and can be 
      autophosphorylated, similar to bovine GRK1. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate 
      that cone- and rod-dominant mammals both express GRK7. The presence of this 
      kinase in cones in the ground squirrel and its ability to phosphorylate rhodopsin 
      suggests that it could function in cone cells as a cone opsin kinase.
FAU - Weiss, E R
AU  - Weiss ER
AD  - Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, The University of North Carolina at 
      Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7090, USA.
FAU - Raman, D
AU  - Raman D
FAU - Shirakawa, S
AU  - Shirakawa S
FAU - Ducceschi, M H
AU  - Ducceschi MH
FAU - Bertram, P T
AU  - Bertram PT
FAU - Wong, F
AU  - Wong F
FAU - Kraft, T W
AU  - Kraft TW
FAU - Osawa, S
AU  - Osawa S
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF063016
GR  - EY11498/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - GM43582/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - GM47438/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - etc.
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
DEP - 19981208
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Vis
JT  - Molecular vision
JID - 9605351
RN  - 63231-63-0 (RNA)
RN  - 9009-81-8 (Rhodopsin)
RN  - EC 2.7.10.1 (Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.14 (GRK7 protein, human)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.16 (G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blotting, Northern
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - Fishes/genetics
MH  - G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases
MH  - In Situ Hybridization
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phosphorylation
MH  - *Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
MH  - RNA/analysis
MH  - Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Retina/*chemistry
MH  - Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells/*chemistry
MH  - Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells/chemistry
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Rhodopsin/metabolism
MH  - Sciuridae/genetics
MH  - Sequence Alignment
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Swine/genetics
MH  - Tissue Distribution
EDAT- 1998/12/16 00:00
MHDA- 1998/12/16 00:01
CRDT- 1998/12/16 00:00
PHST- 1998/12/16 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1998/12/16 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1998/12/16 00:00 [entrez]
PST - epublish
SO  - Mol Vis. 1998 Dec 8;4:27.