PMID- 9892470
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19990401
LR  - 20190818
IS  - 0724-8741 (Print)
IS  - 0724-8741 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 12
DP  - 1998 Dec
TI  - In vitro human epidermal and polyethylene membrane penetration and retention of 
      the sunscreen benzophenone-3 from a range of solvents.
PG  - 1863-8
AB  - PURPOSE: To study epidermal and polyethylene membrane penetration and retention 
      of the sunscreen benzophenone-3 (BP) from a range of single solvent vehicles and 
      evaluate solvent effects on permeability parameters. METHODS: The solubility of 
      BP was measured in a number of solvents. Penetration of BP across human epidermis 
      and high density polyethylene (HDPE) membranes was studied from 50% saturated 
      solutions in each solvent. RESULTS: Maximal BP fluxes from the solvents across 
      the two membranes varied widely. Highest fluxes were observed from 90% ethanol 
      (EtOH) for epidermis and from isopropyl myristate (IPM) and C12-15 benzoate 
      alcohols (C12-15 BA) for HDPE membrane. Both the flux and estimated permeability 
      coefficient and skin-vehicle partitioning of BP appeared to be related to the 
      vehicle solubility parameter (delta(v)). The major effects of solvents on BP flux 
      appear to be via changes in BP diffusivity through the membranes. CONCLUSIONS: 
      Minimal penetration of sunscreens such as BP is best achieved by choosing 
      vehicles with a delta(v) substantially different to the solubility parameter of 
      the membrane.
FAU - Jiang, R
AU  - Jiang R
AD  - School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
FAU - Benson, H A
AU  - Benson HA
FAU - Cross, S E
AU  - Cross SE
FAU - Roberts, M S
AU  - Roberts MS
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Pharm Res
JT  - Pharmaceutical research
JID - 8406521
RN  - 0 (Benzophenones)
RN  - 0 (Membranes, Artificial)
RN  - 0 (Plant Oils)
RN  - 0 (Polyethylenes)
RN  - 0 (Solvents)
RN  - 0 (Sunscreening Agents)
RN  - 3K9958V90M (Ethanol)
RN  - 95OOS7VE0Y (oxybenzone)
RN  - Q9L0O73W7L (Coconut Oil)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Topical
MH  - Benzophenones/administration & dosage/*pharmacokinetics
MH  - Coconut Oil
MH  - Diffusion
MH  - Drug Compounding
MH  - Epidermis/drug effects/*metabolism
MH  - Ethanol/pharmacology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - In Vitro Techniques
MH  - *Membranes, Artificial
MH  - Plant Oils/pharmacology
MH  - *Polyethylenes
MH  - Solubility
MH  - Solvents/pharmacology
MH  - Sunscreening Agents/administration & dosage/*pharmacokinetics
MH  - Thermodynamics
EDAT- 1999/01/19 00:00
MHDA- 1999/01/19 00:01
CRDT- 1999/01/19 00:00
PHST- 1999/01/19 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1999/01/19 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1999/01/19 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1023/a:1011958006973 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Pharm Res. 1998 Dec;15(12):1863-8. doi: 10.1023/a:1011958006973.