PMID- 9972693
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19990426
LR  - 20190712
IS  - 0091-3057 (Print)
IS  - 0091-3057 (Linking)
VI  - 62
IP  - 2
DP  - 1999 Feb
TI  - Electrical stimulation of nucleus paragigantocellularis induces opioid 
      withdrawal-like behaviors in the rat.
PG  - 263-71
AB  - To examine a role for the medullary nucleus paragigantocellularis (PGi) in 
      mediation of the symptomatology of opioid withdrawal, bilateral electrical 
      stimulation of the PGi was performed in conscious, unrestrained, opioid naive 
      (nondependent) rats. A characteristic series of behaviors was elicited during 
      each 30-min session of PGi stimulation. The profile of these behaviors resembled 
      qualitatively, but was not quantitatively identical with those seen during 
      precipitated withdrawal from opioid dependence. This behavioral syndrome has been 
      termed, opioid withdrawal-like behavior. The opioid withdrawal-like behaviors 
      were voltage-, but not frequency-, dependent. Tolerance to repeated stimulation 
      of the PGi did not develop following a series of 30-min runs of stimulation over 
      3.5 h. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of the nonselective opioid 
      antagonist, naloxone, significantly decreased (by 40-50%) the intensity of 
      stimulation-induced behavioral responses, as did injections of either the 
      mu-selective (beta-funaltrexamine, beta-FNA) or the delta-selective (naltrindole, 
      NTI) opioid antagonists. In contrast, similar i.c.v. injections of the 
      kappa-selective antagonist, nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI), did not block 
      behavioral responses to PGi stimulation. The results indicate that activation of 
      the PGi by electrical stimulation can elicit behaviors similar to those observed 
      during opioid withdrawal. Endogenous opioids, acting through mu- and delta-, but 
      not kappa-opioid receptors, participate in mediating opioid withdrawal-like 
      behaviors induced by PGi stimulation.
FAU - Liu, N
AU  - Liu N
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical 
      Center, Jackson 39216-4505, USA.
FAU - Rockhold, R W
AU  - Rockhold RW
FAU - Ho, I K
AU  - Ho IK
LA  - eng
GR  - DA-05828/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Pharmacol Biochem Behav
JT  - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior
JID - 0367050
RN  - 0 (Narcotic Antagonists)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Opioid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Behavior, Animal/drug effects
MH  - Electric Stimulation
MH  - Male
MH  - Medulla Oblongata/drug effects/*physiopathology
MH  - Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
MH  - Neurons/*drug effects/physiology
MH  - Opioid-Related Disorders/*physiopathology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Receptors, Opioid/agonists
MH  - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/*physiopathology
EDAT- 1999/02/11 00:00
MHDA- 1999/02/11 00:01
CRDT- 1999/02/11 00:00
PHST- 1999/02/11 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1999/02/11 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1999/02/11 00:00 [entrez]
AID - S0091-3057(98)00164-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/s0091-3057(98)00164-6 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1999 Feb;62(2):263-71. doi: 
      10.1016/s0091-3057(98)00164-6.