PMID- 16498039
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060509
LR  - 20231120
IS  - 0007-1285 (Print)
IS  - 0007-1285 (Linking)
VI  - 79
IP  - 939
DP  - 2006 Mar
TI  - Gold nanoparticles: a new X-ray contrast agent.
PG  - 248-53
AB  - There have been few fundamental improvements in clinical X-ray contrast agents in 
      more than 25 years, and the chemical platform of tri-iodobenzene has not changed. 
      Current agents impose serious limitations on medical imaging: short imaging 
      times, the need for catheterization in many cases, occasional renal toxicity, and 
      poor contrast in large patients. This report is the first demonstration that gold 
      nanoparticles may overcome these limitations. Gold has higher absorption than 
      iodine with less bone and tissue interference achieving better contrast with 
      lower X-ray dose. Nanoparticles clear the blood more slowly than iodine agents, 
      permitting longer imaging times. Gold nanoparticles, 1.9 nm in diameter, were 
      injected intravenously into mice and images recorded over time with a standard 
      mammography unit. Gold biodistribution was measured by atomic absorption. 
      Retention in liver and spleen was low with elimination by the kidneys. Organs 
      such as kidneys and tumours were seen with unusual clarity and high spatial 
      resolution. Blood vessels less than 100 microm in diameter were delineated, thus 
      enabling in vivo vascular casting. Regions of increased vascularization and 
      angiogenesis could be distinguished. With 10 mg Au ml(-1) initially in the blood, 
      mouse behaviour was unremarkable and neither blood plasma analytes nor organ 
      histology revealed any evidence of toxicity 11 days and 30 days after injection. 
      Gold nanoparticles can be used as X-ray contrast agents with properties that 
      overcome some significant limitations of iodine-based agents.
FAU - Hainfeld, J F
AU  - Hainfeld JF
AD  - Nanoprobes, Inc., 95 Horse Block Road, Yaphank, NY 11980, USA.
FAU - Slatkin, D N
AU  - Slatkin DN
FAU - Focella, T M
AU  - Focella TM
FAU - Smilowitz, H M
AU  - Smilowitz HM
LA  - eng
GR  - 1R43CA83576-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PL  - England
TA  - Br J Radiol
JT  - The British journal of radiology
JID - 0373125
RN  - 0 (Contrast Media)
RN  - 7440-57-5 (Gold)
SB  - IM
CIN - Br J Radiol. 2007 Jan;80(949):64-5; author reply 65. PMID: 17267474
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Contrast Media/pharmacokinetics/toxicity
MH  - Female
MH  - *Gold/pharmacokinetics/toxicity
MH  - Injections, Intravenous
MH  - Male
MH  - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/*diagnostic imaging
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - *Nanostructures
MH  - Radiography
MH  - Random Allocation
EDAT- 2006/02/25 09:00
MHDA- 2006/05/10 09:00
CRDT- 2006/02/25 09:00
PHST- 2006/02/25 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/05/10 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/02/25 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 79/939/248 [pii]
AID - 10.1259/bjr/13169882 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Br J Radiol. 2006 Mar;79(939):248-53. doi: 10.1259/bjr/13169882.