PMID- 16611732
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060615
LR  - 20220330
IS  - 0027-8424 (Print)
IS  - 1091-6490 (Electronic)
IS  - 0027-8424 (Linking)
VI  - 103
IP  - 17
DP  - 2006 Apr 25
TI  - A pair-rule gene circuit defines segments sequentially in the short-germ insect 
      Tribolium castaneum.
PG  - 6560-4
AB  - In Drosophila, a hierarchy of maternal, gap, pair-rule, and segment polarity gene 
      interactions regulates virtually simultaneous blastoderm segmentation. For the 
      last decade, studies have focused on revealing the extent to which Drosophila 
      segmentation mechanisms are conserved in other arthropods where segments are 
      added sequentially from anterior to posterior in a cellular environment. Despite 
      our increased knowledge of individual segmentation genes, details of their 
      interactions in non-Drosophilid insects are not well understood. We analyzed the 
      Tribolium orthologs of Drosophila pair-rule genes, which display pair-rule 
      expression patterns. Tribolium castaneum paired (Tc-prd) and sloppy-paired 
      (Tc-slp) genes produced pair-rule phenotypes when their transcripts were severely 
      reduced by RNA interference. In contrast, similar analysis of T. castaneum 
      even-skipped (Tc-eve), runt (Tc-run), or odd-skipped (Tc-odd) genes produced 
      severely truncated, almost completely asegmental phenotypes. Analysis of 
      interactions between pair-rule components revealed that Tc-eve, Tc-run, and 
      Tc-odd form a three-gene circuit to regulate one another as well as their 
      downstream targets, Tc-prd and Tc-slp. The complement of primary pair-rule genes 
      in Tribolium differs from Drosophila in that it includes Tc-odd but not Tc-hairy. 
      This gene circuit defines segments sequentially in double segment periodicity. 
      Furthermore, this single mechanism functions in the early blastoderm stage and 
      subsequently during germ-band elongation. The periodicity of the Tribolium 
      pair-rule gene interactions reveals components of the genetic hierarchy that are 
      regulated in a repetitive circuit or clock-like mechanism. This pair-rule gene 
      circuit provides insight into short-germ segmentation in Tribolium that may be 
      more generally applicable to segmentation in other arthropods.
FAU - Choe, Chong Pyo
AU  - Choe CP
AD  - Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
FAU - Miller, Sherry C
AU  - Miller SC
FAU - Brown, Susan J
AU  - Brown SJ
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/DQ414246
SI  - GENBANK/DQ414247
SI  - GENBANK/DQ414248
GR  - R01 HD029594/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 HD029594-15/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20060412
PL  - United States
TA  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
JT  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JID - 7505876
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Body Patterning
MH  - Drosophila/embryology/genetics
MH  - Epistasis, Genetic
MH  - Female
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
MH  - *Genes, Insect
MH  - Male
MH  - Models, Genetic
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - RNA Interference
MH  - Species Specificity
MH  - Tribolium/*embryology/*genetics
PMC - PMC1564201
COIS- Conflict of interest statement: No conflicts declared.
EDAT- 2006/04/14 09:00
MHDA- 2006/06/16 09:00
PMCR- 2006/10/12
CRDT- 2006/04/14 09:00
PHST- 2006/04/14 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/06/16 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/04/14 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2006/10/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 0510440103 [pii]
AID - 1932 [pii]
AID - 10.1073/pnas.0510440103 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Apr 25;103(17):6560-4. doi: 
      10.1073/pnas.0510440103. Epub 2006 Apr 12.