PMID- 19629762
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20091215
LR  - 20220531
IS  - 0893-7648 (Print)
IS  - 0893-7648 (Linking)
VI  - 40
IP  - 2
DP  - 2009 Oct
TI  - The multifaceted profile of activated microglia.
PG  - 139-56
LID - 10.1007/s12035-009-8077-9 [doi]
AB  - Although relatively neglected previously, research efforts in the past decade or 
      so have identified a pivotal role for glial cells in regulating neuronal 
      function. Particular emphasis has been placed on increasing our understanding of 
      the function of microglia because a change from the ramified "resting" state of 
      these cells has been associated with the pathogenesis of several 
      neurodegenerative diseases, notably Alzheimer's disease. However, it is not clear 
      whether activation of microglia and the associated inflammatory changes play a 
      part in triggering disease processes or whether cell activation is a response to 
      the early changes associated with the disease. In either case, the possibility 
      exists that modulation of microglial activation may be beneficial in some 
      circumstances, underlying the need to pursue research in this area. The original 
      morphological categorization of microglia by Del Rio Hortega into ameboid, 
      ramified, and intermediate forms, must now be elaborated to encompass a 
      functional description. The evidence which has been generated recently suggests 
      that microglia are probably never in a "resting" state and that several 
      intermediate transitional states, based on function and morphology, probably 
      exist. A more complete understanding of these states and the triggers which lead 
      to a change from one to another state, and the factors which modulate the 
      molecular switch that determines the persistence of the "activated" state remain 
      to be identified.
FAU - Lynch, Marina A
AU  - Lynch MA
AD  - Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. 
      lynchma@tcd.ie
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20090723
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Neurobiol
JT  - Molecular neurobiology
JID - 8900963
RN  - 0 (Chemokines)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Communication/physiology
MH  - Chemokines/physiology
MH  - Cytokines/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Membrane Proteins/physiology
MH  - Microglia/*cytology/*physiology
MH  - Neurons/cytology/physiology
MH  - Phagocytosis/*physiology
MH  - T-Lymphocytes/cytology/physiology
RF  - 245
EDAT- 2009/07/25 09:00
MHDA- 2009/12/16 06:00
CRDT- 2009/07/25 09:00
PHST- 2009/04/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2009/06/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2009/07/25 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/07/25 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/12/16 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s12035-009-8077-9 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Neurobiol. 2009 Oct;40(2):139-56. doi: 10.1007/s12035-009-8077-9. Epub 2009 
      Jul 23.