PMID- 20004495 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100630 LR - 20100215 IS - 1618-1298 (Electronic) IS - 0171-9335 (Linking) VI - 89 IP - 2-3 DP - 2010 Feb-Mar TI - SIRT2-mediated protein deacetylation: An emerging key regulator in brain physiology and pathology. PG - 262-9 LID - 10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.11.006 [doi] AB - Protein function is considerably altered by posttranslational modification. In recent years, cycles of acetylation/deacetylation emerged as fundamental regulators adjusting biological activity of many proteins. Particularly, protein deacetylation by Sirtuins, a family of atypical histone deacetylases (HDACs), was demonstrated to regulate fundamental cell biological processes including gene expression, genome stability, mitosis, nutrient metabolism, aging, mitochondrial function and cell motility. Given this wealth of biological functions, perhaps not unexpectedly then, pharmacological compounds targeting Sirtuin activity are now prime therapeutic agents for alleviating severity of major diseases encompassing diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders in many organs. In this review, we will focus on the brain and its physiological and pathological processes governed by Sirtuin-mediated deacetylation. Besides discussing Sirtuin function in neurodegenerative diseases, emphasis will be given on the mounting evidence deciphering key developmental brain functions for Sirtuins in neuronal motility, neuroprotection and oligodendrocyte differentiation. In this respect, we will particularly highlight functions of the unconventional family member SIRT2 in post-mitotic neurons and glial cells. CI - Copyright 2009 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. FAU - Harting, Kai AU - Harting K AD - Neuronal Gene Expression Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tubingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tubingen, Germany. FAU - Knoll, Bernd AU - Knoll B LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20091211 PL - Germany TA - Eur J Cell Biol JT - European journal of cell biology JID - 7906240 RN - EC 3.5.1.- (Sirtuin 2) SB - IM MH - Acetylation MH - Animals MH - Apoptosis/physiology MH - *Brain/pathology/physiology/physiopathology MH - Caloric Restriction MH - Cell Cycle/physiology MH - Cell Movement MH - Cell Proliferation MH - Chromosomal Instability MH - Cocaine-Related Disorders MH - Gene Expression Regulation MH - Glioma/metabolism MH - Humans MH - Neurodegenerative Diseases/pathology/physiopathology MH - Neurons/cytology/physiology MH - Protein Processing, Post-Translational MH - Sirtuin 2/genetics/*metabolism RF - 108 EDAT- 2009/12/17 06:00 MHDA- 2010/07/01 06:00 CRDT- 2009/12/17 06:00 PHST- 2009/12/17 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/12/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/07/01 06:00 [medline] AID - S0171-9335(09)00335-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.11.006 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Eur J Cell Biol. 2010 Feb-Mar;89(2-3):262-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.11.006. Epub 2009 Dec 11.