PMID- 20414655
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100816
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1432-0851 (Electronic)
IS  - 0340-7004 (Print)
IS  - 0340-7004 (Linking)
VI  - 59
IP  - 10
DP  - 2010 Oct
TI  - Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: more mechanisms for inhibiting antitumor 
      immunity.
PG  - 1593-600
LID - 10.1007/s00262-010-0855-8 [doi]
AB  - Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) accumulate in most cancer patients and 
      experimental animals with cancer. They accumulate in response to pro-inflammatory 
      mediators and they use a variety of mechanisms to block both innate and adaptive 
      antitumor immunity. Because of their critical role in obstructing immune 
      responses, MDSC are a strategic obstacle to immunotherapies that require 
      activation of the host's cell-mediated and innate immune responses. Following a 
      brief description of the factors that induce MDSC accumulation, this article 
      reviews two newly discovered mechanisms that MDSC use to suppress the activation 
      of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. The first mechanism is MDSC sequestration of 
      cysteine, an amino acid that T cells are unable to synthesize de novo and that 
      they require for activation. The second mechanism is MDSC-mediated 
      down-regulation of L: -selectin. T cells must have an L: -selectin(high) 
      phenotype to home to lymph nodes and inflammatory sites where they encounter 
      antigen and are activated. By down-regulating L: -selectin on T cells, MDSC 
      perturb T cell trafficking patterns and thereby inhibit T cell activation. Given 
      the complexity of conditions that regulate MDSC accumulation and the variety of 
      suppressive mechanisms used by MDSC, it is essential to understand which 
      conditions and mechanisms are dominant so MDSC accumulation and/or activity can 
      be targeted in individual patients to minimize MDSC-induced immune suppression.
FAU - Ostrand-Rosenberg, Suzanne
AU  - Ostrand-Rosenberg S
AD  - Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 
      Baltimore, MD 21250, USA. srosenbe@umbc.edu
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 CA084232/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 CA115880/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01CA115880/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01CA84232/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Review
DEP - 20100423
PL  - Germany
TA  - Cancer Immunol Immunother
JT  - Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII
JID - 8605732
RN  - 0 (Cancer Vaccines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
MH  - *Cancer Vaccines
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Immunotherapy
MH  - Myeloid Cells/*immunology
PMC - PMC3706261
MID - NIHMS484892
COIS- Conflict of interest statement: The author has no conflict of interest with the 
      organization sponsoring this research.
EDAT- 2010/04/24 06:00
MHDA- 2010/08/17 06:00
PMCR- 2013/07/09
CRDT- 2010/04/24 06:00
PHST- 2010/03/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/04/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2010/04/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/04/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/08/17 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2013/07/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1007/s00262-010-0855-8 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2010 Oct;59(10):1593-600. doi: 
      10.1007/s00262-010-0855-8. Epub 2010 Apr 23.