PMID- 20816235
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20101214
LR  - 20100906
IS  - 0091-679X (Print)
IS  - 0091-679X (Linking)
VI  - 98
DP  - 2010
TI  - Mechanical induction of gene expression in connective tissue cells.
PG  - 178-205
LID - 10.1016/S0091-679X(10)98008-4 [doi]
AB  - The extracellular matrices of mammals undergo coordinated synthesis and 
      degradation, dynamic remodeling processes that enable tissue adaptations to a 
      broad range of environmental factors, including applied mechanical forces. The 
      soft and mineralized connective tissues of mammals also exhibit a wide repertoire 
      of mechanical properties, which enable their tissue-specific functions and 
      modulate cellular responses to forces. The expression of genes in response to 
      applied forces are important for maintaining the support, attachment, and 
      function of various organs including kidney, heart, liver, lung, joint, and 
      periodontium. Several high-prevalence diseases of extracellular matrices 
      including arthritis, heart failure, and periodontal diseases involve pathological 
      levels of mechanical forces that impact the gene expression repertoires and 
      function of bone, cartilage, and soft connective tissues. Recent work on the 
      application of mechanical forces to cultured connective tissue cells and various 
      in vivo force models have enabled study of the regulatory networks that control 
      mechanically induced gene expression in connective tissue cells. In addition to 
      the influence of mechanical forces on the expression of type 1 collagen, which is 
      the most abundant protein of mammals, new work has shown that the expression of a 
      wide range of matrix, signaling, and cytoskeletal proteins are regulated by 
      exogenous mechanical forces and by the forces generated by cells themselves. In 
      this chapter, we first discuss the fundamental nature of the extracellular matrix 
      in health and the impact of mechanical forces. Next we consider the utilization 
      of several, widely employed model systems for mechanical stimulation of cells. 
      Finally, we consider in detail how application of tensile forces to cultured 
      cardiac fibroblasts can be used for the characterization of the signaling systems 
      by which mechanical forces regulate myofibroblast differentiation that is seen in 
      cardiac pressure overload.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Chan, Matthew W C
AU  - Chan MW
AD  - Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Fitzgerald 
      Building, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E2.
FAU - Hinz, Boris
AU  - Hinz B
FAU - McCulloch, Christopher A
AU  - McCulloch CA
LA  - eng
GR  - MGP-37783/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Methods Cell Biol
JT  - Methods in cell biology
JID - 0373334
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Culture Techniques/methods
MH  - Connective Tissue Cells/*physiology
MH  - Endomyocardial Fibrosis/genetics/physiopathology
MH  - Extracellular Matrix/physiology
MH  - *Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
MH  - Genetic Techniques
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mechanotransduction, Cellular/*genetics/physiology
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Physical Stimulation
MH  - *Stress, Mechanical
EDAT- 2010/09/08 06:00
MHDA- 2010/12/16 06:00
CRDT- 2010/09/07 06:00
PHST- 2010/09/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/09/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/12/16 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0091-679X(10)98008-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/S0091-679X(10)98008-4 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Methods Cell Biol. 2010;98:178-205. doi: 10.1016/S0091-679X(10)98008-4.