PMID- 21509540 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110909 LR - 20230603 IS - 1420-9071 (Electronic) IS - 1420-682X (Print) IS - 1420-682X (Linking) VI - 68 IP - 15 DP - 2011 Aug TI - Regulation of self-renewal and differentiation by the intestinal stem cell niche. PG - 2513-23 LID - 10.1007/s00018-011-0687-5 [doi] AB - The gastrointestinal epithelium is a highly organised tissue that is constantly being renewed. In order to maintain homeostasis, the balance between intestinal stem cell (ISC) self-renewal and differentiation must be carefully regulated. In this review, we describe how the intestinal stem cell niche provides a unique environment to regulate self-renewal and differentiation of ISCs. It has traditionally been believed that the mesenchymal myofibroblasts play an important role in the crosstalk between ISCs and the niche. However, recent evidence in Drosophila and in vertebrates suggests that epithelial cells also contribute to the niche. We discuss the multiple signalling pathways that are utilised to regulate stemness within the niche, including members of the Wnt, BMP and Hedgehog pathways, and how aberrations in these signals lead to disruption of the normal crypt-villus axis. Finally, we also discuss how CDX1 and inhibition of the Notch pathway are important in specifying enterocyte and goblet cell differentiation respectively. FAU - Yeung, Trevor M AU - Yeung TM AD - Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Sciences Research 1155, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. FAU - Chia, Luis A AU - Chia LA FAU - Kosinski, Cynthia M AU - Kosinski CM FAU - Kuo, Calvin J AU - Kuo CJ LA - eng GR - 1R01DK085720/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - T32 CA009302/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 DK085720/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - 1R01DK069989/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - U24 DK085532/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 DK069989/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 DK085527/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 DK085532/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - 1U01DK085527/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20110421 PL - Switzerland TA - Cell Mol Life Sci JT - Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS JID - 9705402 RN - 0 (Bone Morphogenetic Proteins) RN - 0 (Hedgehog Proteins) RN - 0 (Wnt Proteins) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics/metabolism/physiology MH - *Cell Differentiation/genetics/physiology MH - *Cell Proliferation MH - Hedgehog Proteins/genetics/metabolism/physiology MH - Humans MH - Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism MH - Intestines/*cytology/physiology MH - Models, Biological MH - Stem Cell Niche/metabolism/*physiology MH - Wnt Proteins/genetics/metabolism/physiology PMC - PMC4165857 MID - NIHMS602729 EDAT- 2011/04/22 06:00 MHDA- 2011/09/10 06:00 PMCR- 2011/04/21 CRDT- 2011/04/22 06:00 PHST- 2010/10/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2011/04/05 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2011/03/18 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2011/04/22 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/04/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/09/10 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2011/04/21 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 687 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s00018-011-0687-5 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Cell Mol Life Sci. 2011 Aug;68(15):2513-23. doi: 10.1007/s00018-011-0687-5. Epub 2011 Apr 21.