PMID- 21693522
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110909
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1477-9129 (Electronic)
IS  - 0950-1991 (Print)
IS  - 0950-1991 (Linking)
VI  - 138
IP  - 14
DP  - 2011 Jul
TI  - How to make stripes: deciphering the transition from non-periodic to periodic 
      patterns in Drosophila segmentation.
PG  - 3067-78
LID - 10.1242/dev.062141 [doi]
AB  - The generation of metameric body plans is a key process in development. In 
      Drosophila segmentation, periodicity is established rapidly through the complex 
      transcriptional regulation of the pair-rule genes. The 'primary' pair-rule genes 
      generate their 7-stripe expression through stripe-specific cis-regulatory 
      elements controlled by the preceding non-periodic maternal and gap gene patterns, 
      whereas 'secondary' pair-rule genes are thought to rely on 7-stripe elements that 
      read off the already periodic primary pair-rule patterns. Using a combination of 
      computational and experimental approaches, we have conducted a comprehensive 
      systems-level examination of the regulatory architecture underlying pair-rule 
      stripe formation. We find that runt (run), fushi tarazu (ftz) and odd skipped 
      (odd) establish most of their pattern through stripe-specific elements, arguing 
      for a reclassification of ftz and odd as primary pair-rule genes. In the case of 
      run, we observe long-range cis-regulation across multiple intervening genes. The 
      7-stripe elements of run, ftz and odd are active concurrently with the 
      stripe-specific elements, indicating that maternal/gap-mediated control and 
      pair-rule gene cross-regulation are closely integrated. Stripe-specific elements 
      fall into three distinct classes based on their principal repressive gap factor 
      input; stripe positions along the gap gradients correlate with the strength of 
      predicted input. The prevalence of cis-elements that generate two stripes and 
      their genomic organization suggest that single-stripe elements arose by splitting 
      and subfunctionalization of ancestral dual-stripe elements. Overall, our study 
      provides a greatly improved understanding of how periodic patterns are 
      established in the Drosophila embryo.
FAU - Schroeder, Mark D
AU  - Schroeder MD
AD  - Laboratory of Developmental Neurogenetics, Rockefeller University, 1230 York 
      Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
FAU - Greer, Christina
AU  - Greer C
FAU - Gaul, Ulrike
AU  - Gaul U
LA  - eng
GR  - R21 GM066434/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R33 GM066434/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - GM066434/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - Development
JT  - Development (Cambridge, England)
JID - 8701744
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Drosophila Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (Homeodomain Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Nuclear Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Opa protein, Drosophila)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (ftz protein, Drosophila)
RN  - 0 (run protein, Drosophila)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Animals, Genetically Modified
MH  - Body Patterning/*physiology
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Drosophila/*embryology
MH  - Drosophila Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Embryo, Nonmammalian/anatomy & histology/*embryology
MH  - Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors/metabolism
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/*physiology
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
MH  - In Situ Hybridization
MH  - Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Periodicity
MH  - Transcription Factors/metabolism
PMC - PMC3119311
EDAT- 2011/06/23 06:00
MHDA- 2011/09/10 06:00
PMCR- 2012/07/15
CRDT- 2011/06/23 06:00
PHST- 2011/06/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/06/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/09/10 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/07/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 138/14/3067 [pii]
AID - 10.1242/dev.062141 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Development. 2011 Jul;138(14):3067-78. doi: 10.1242/dev.062141.