PMID- 21865385
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20111121
LR  - 20220310
IS  - 1098-5514 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-538X (Print)
IS  - 0022-538X (Linking)
VI  - 85
IP  - 21
DP  - 2011 Nov
TI  - Alphavirus-induced encephalomyelitis: antibody-secreting cells and viral 
      clearance from the nervous system.
PG  - 11490-501
LID - 10.1128/JVI.05379-11 [doi]
AB  - Sindbis virus (SINV) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) provides a 
      model for understanding the role of the immune response in recovery from 
      alphavirus infection of neurons. Virus clearance occurred in three phases: 
      clearance of infectious virus (days 3 to 7), clearance of viral RNA (days 8 to 
      60), and maintenance of low levels of viral RNA (>day 60). The antiviral immune 
      response was initiated in the cervical lymph nodes with rapid extrafollicular 
      production of plasmablasts secreting IgM, followed by germinal center production 
      of IgG-secreting and memory B cells. The earliest inflammatory cells to enter the 
      brain were CD8(+) T cells, followed by CD4(+) T cells and CD19(+) B cells. During 
      the clearance of infectious virus, effector lymphocytes in the CNS were primarily 
      CD8(+) T cells and IgM antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). During the clearance of 
      viral RNA, there were more CD4(+) than CD8(+) T cells, and B cells included IgG 
      and IgA ASCs. At late times after infection, ASCs in the CNS were primarily 
      CD19(+) CD38(+) CD138(-) Blimp-1(+) plasmablasts, with few fully differentiated 
      CD38(-) CD138(+) Blimp-1(+) plasma cells. CD19(+) CD38(+) surface Ig(+) memory B 
      cells were also present. The level of antibody to SINV increased in the brain 
      over time, and the proportion of SINV-specific ASCs increased from 15% of total 
      ASCs at day 14 to 90% at 4 to 6 months, suggesting specific retention in the CNS 
      during viral RNA persistence. B cells in the CNS continued to differentiate, as 
      evidenced by accumulation of IgA ASCs not present in peripheral lymphoid tissue 
      and downregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression 
      on plasmablasts. However, there was no evidence of germinal center activity or 
      IgG avidity maturation within the CNS.
FAU - Metcalf, Talibah U
AU  - Metcalf TU
AD  - Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg 
      School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
FAU - Griffin, Diane E
AU  - Griffin DE
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 NS038932/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - T32 AI007417/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20110824
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JT  - Journal of virology
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin G)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin M)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alphavirus Infections/*immunology/*pathology/virology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibody-Producing Cells/*immunology
MH  - Antigens, CD/analysis
MH  - B-Lymphocytes/chemistry/immunology
MH  - Brain/immunology
MH  - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
MH  - CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
MH  - Encephalomyelitis/*immunology/*pathology/virology
MH  - Female
MH  - Germinal Center/immunology
MH  - Immunoglobulin G/immunology
MH  - Immunoglobulin M/immunology
MH  - Lymph Nodes/immunology
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Nervous System/immunology/pathology/virology
MH  - Sindbis Virus/*immunology/*pathogenicity
PMC - PMC3194963
EDAT- 2011/08/26 06:00
MHDA- 2011/12/13 00:00
PMCR- 2012/05/01
CRDT- 2011/08/26 06:00
PHST- 2011/08/26 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/08/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/12/13 00:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/05/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - JVI.05379-11 [pii]
AID - 5379-11 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/JVI.05379-11 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol. 2011 Nov;85(21):11490-501. doi: 10.1128/JVI.05379-11. Epub 2011 Aug 24.