PMID- 21872339
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130116
LR  - 20220330
IS  - 1573-2517 (Electronic)
IS  - 0165-0327 (Linking)
VI  - 139
IP  - 3
DP  - 2012 Aug
TI  - Interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and soluble 
      interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R) are elevated in patients with major depressive 
      disorder: a meta-analysis and meta-regression.
PG  - 230-9
LID - 10.1016/j.jad.2011.08.003 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Many studies have explored the association between soluble 
      interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), cytokines and major depressive disorder (MDD). 
      However, the results of these studies were not consistent. The aim of our study 
      is to compare the levels of sIL-2R and cytokines in the blood between MDD 
      patients and controls by a meta-analysis and to identify moderators accounting 
      for potential heterogeneity in the levels of sIL-2R and cytokines in MDD patients 
      versus controls by meta-regression analyses. METHODS: A comprehensive literature 
      search was performed to identify studies comparing the levels of sIL-2R and 
      cytokines between MDD patients and controls. We pooled the effect sizes for 
      standardized mean differences (SMD) of the levels of sIL-2R and cytokines. We 
      also performed meta-regression and sensitivity analyses to investigate the roles 
      of age, gender, sample type, ethnic origin and selected studies' quality in 
      explaining potential heterogeneity and differences in results respectively. 
      RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies were selected for this analysis. The levels of 
      sIL-2R, TNF-alpha and IL-6 in MDD patients were significantly higher than those of 
      healthy controls (SMD=0.555, p<0.001, SMD=0.567, p=0.010; SMD=0.680, p<0.001). 
      Mean age of all subjects was a significant moderator to explain the high 
      heterogeneity of IL-6. Sensitivity analysis found that European but not 
      non-European subjects have higher levels difference of sIL-2R, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta 
      between MDD patients and controls. LIMITATION: The severity of MDD was not 
      considered. CONCLUSION: The blood levels of sIL-2R, TNF-alpha and IL-6 were 
      significantly higher in MDD patients than controls. Age, samples source and 
      ethnic origins may play a potential role in heterogeneity.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Liu, Yang
AU  - Liu Y
AD  - Department of Psychological Medicine, University Medicine Cluster, National 
      University Health System, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of 
      Singapore, Singapore.
FAU - Ho, Roger Chun-Man
AU  - Ho RC
FAU - Mak, Anselm
AU  - Mak A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Meta-Analysis
DEP - 20110826
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Affect Disord
JT  - Journal of affective disorders
JID - 7906073
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Interleukin-2)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Child
MH  - Cytokines/blood
MH  - Depressive Disorder, Major/*blood/immunology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Interleukin-6/blood
MH  - Logistic Models
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Receptors, Interleukin-2/analysis/blood
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/analysis
MH  - Young Adult
EDAT- 2011/08/30 06:00
MHDA- 2013/01/17 06:00
CRDT- 2011/08/30 06:00
PHST- 2011/04/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/08/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2011/08/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2011/08/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/08/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/01/17 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0165-0327(11)00460-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jad.2011.08.003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Affect Disord. 2012 Aug;139(3):230-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.08.003. Epub 2011 
      Aug 26.