PMID- 22754527
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20121002
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1663-9812 (Electronic)
IS  - 1663-9812 (Linking)
VI  - 3
DP  - 2012
TI  - The effects of psychostimulant drugs on blood brain barrier function and 
      neuroinflammation.
PG  - 121
LID - 10.3389/fphar.2012.00121 [doi]
LID - 121
AB  - The blood brain barrier (BBB) is a highly dynamic interface between the central 
      nervous system (CNS) and periphery. The BBB is comprised of a number of 
      components and is part of the larger neuro(glio)vascular unit. Current literature 
      suggests that psychostimulant drugs of abuse alter the function of the BBB which 
      likely contributes to the neurotoxicities associated with these drugs. In both 
      preclinical and clinical studies, psychostimulants including methamphetamine, 
      MDMA, cocaine, and nicotine, produce BBB dysfunction through alterations in tight 
      junction protein expression and conformation, increased glial activation, 
      increased enzyme activation related to BBB cytoskeleton remodeling, and induction 
      of neuroinflammatory pathways. These detrimental changes lead to increased 
      permeability of the BBB and subsequent vulnerability of the brain to peripheral 
      toxins. In fact, abuse of these psychostimulants, notably methamphetamine and 
      cocaine, has been shown to increase the invasion of peripheral bacteria and 
      viruses into the brain. Much work in this field has focused on the co-morbidity 
      of psychostimulant abuse and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. As 
      psychostimulants alter BBB permeability, it is likely that this BBB dysfunction 
      results in increased penetration of the HIV virus into the brain thus increasing 
      the risk of and severity of neuro AIDS. This review will provide an overview of 
      the specific changes in components within the BBB associated with psychostimulant 
      abuse as well as the implications of these changes in exacerbating the 
      neuropathology associated with psychostimulant drugs and HIV co-morbidity.
FAU - Kousik, Sharanya M
AU  - Kousik SM
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center Chicago, IL, USA.
FAU - Napier, T Celeste
AU  - Napier TC
FAU - Carvey, Paul M
AU  - Carvey PM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20120629
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Pharmacol
JT  - Frontiers in pharmacology
JID - 101548923
PMC - PMC3386512
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - HIV
OT  - blood brain barrier
OT  - cocaine
OT  - mdma
OT  - methamphetamine
OT  - neuroinflammation
OT  - nicotine
EDAT- 2012/07/04 06:00
MHDA- 2012/07/04 06:01
PMCR- 2012/06/29
CRDT- 2012/07/04 06:00
PHST- 2012/04/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/06/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/07/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/07/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/07/04 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2012/06/29 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fphar.2012.00121 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Pharmacol. 2012 Jun 29;3:121. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00121. eCollection 
      2012.