PMID- 23914299
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20131111
LR  - 20220317
IS  - 2072-6694 (Print)
IS  - 2072-6694 (Electronic)
IS  - 2072-6694 (Linking)
VI  - 3
IP  - 2
DP  - 2011
TI  - Cell death pathways in photodynamic therapy of cancer.
PG  - 2516-39
LID - 10.3390/cancers3022516 [doi]
AB  - Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging cancer therapy that uses the 
      combination of non-toxic dyes or photosensitizers (PS) and harmless visible light 
      to produce reactive oxygen species and destroy tumors. The PS can be localized in 
      various organelles such as mitochondria, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi 
      apparatus and plasma membranes and this sub-cellular location governs much of the 
      signaling that occurs after PDT. There is an acute stress response that leads to 
      changes in calcium and lipid metabolism and causes the production of cytokines 
      and stress response mediators. Enzymes (particularly protein kinases) are 
      activated and transcription factors are expressed. Many of the cellular responses 
      center on mitochondria and frequently lead to induction of apoptosis by the 
      mitochondrial pathway involving caspase activation and release of cytochrome c. 
      Certain specific proteins (such as Bcl-2) are damaged by PDT-induced oxidation 
      thereby increasing apoptosis, and a build-up of oxidized proteins leads to an 
      ER-stress response that may be increased by proteasome inhibition. Autophagy 
      plays a role in either inhibiting or enhancing cell death after PDT.
FAU - Mroz, Pawel
AU  - Mroz P
AD  - Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 
      02114, USA ; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, 
      USA.
FAU - Yaroslavsky, Anastasia
AU  - Yaroslavsky A
FAU - Kharkwal, Gitika B
AU  - Kharkwal GB
FAU - Hamblin, Michael R
AU  - Hamblin MR
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AI050875/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Cancers (Basel)
JT  - Cancers
JID - 101526829
PMC - PMC3729395
MID - NIHMS486481
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - apoptosis
OT  - autophagy
OT  - cancer
OT  - cell death
OT  - necrosis
OT  - photodynamic therapy
EDAT- 2011/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 2011/01/01 00:01
PMCR- 2011/06/03
CRDT- 2013/08/06 06:00
PHST- 2013/08/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2011/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/01/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 2011/06/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - cancers-03-02516 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/cancers3022516 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cancers (Basel). 2011;3(2):2516-39. doi: 10.3390/cancers3022516.