PMID- 24269967 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140912 LR - 20161125 IS - 1873-4995 (Electronic) IS - 0168-3659 (Linking) VI - 174 DP - 2014 Jan 28 TI - Two step mechanisms of tumor selective delivery of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer conjugated with pirarubicin via an acid-cleavable linkage. PG - 81-7 LID - S0168-3659(13)00900-0 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.11.011 [doi] AB - N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer containing hydrazide groups (PHPMA) conjugated with pirarubicin (THP) via a hydrazone bond (PHPMA-hyd-THP) is a drug conjugate that releases THP in the acidic milieu of a tumor. PHPMA-hyd-THP has an apparent Mw of 40,000 and a hydrodynamic diameter of 8.2+/-1.7nm but no apparent plasma protein binding. PHPMA-hyd-THP possesses two mechanisms of selectivity toward solid tumors and has potent antitumor action. The first one is drug accumulation in tumors that depends on the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, which results in a 4-20 times higher concentration of drug in the tumor than in normal tissues such as the heart, lung, and intestine. This accumulation in tumor tissue is in great contrast to that of conventional low-Mw THP. The second one is pH-dependent release of drug from PHPMA-hyd-THP: this conjugate released free THP more efficiently at a lower pH, which exists in tumors, and exerts cytotoxic activity. Free THP is known for its much faster uptake into tumor cells compared with doxorubicin. Thus, in our in vitro study, PHPMA-hyd-THP showed a higher cytotoxicity at the lower pH of tumor tissue than at the neutral pH of normal tissue. Furthermore, much more THP was liberated from the conjugate in acidic tumor tissue than in normal tissue. The EPR effect-dependent accumulation of PHPMA-hyd-THP and tumor-selective THP release in the tumor tissues led to highly tumor-selective drug accumulation, which continued for more than 72h, whereas the lowest free drug concentration was detected in normal tissues at 24h and no longer at a later time. In conclusion, we determined in our study here that the acid-cleavable PHPMA-hyd-THP conjugate had an excellent antitumor effect without appreciable adverse effects. CI - Copyright (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Nakamura, Hideaki AU - Nakamura H AD - Laboratory of Microbiology and Oncology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; Research Institute for Drug Delivery Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan. FAU - Etrych, Tomas AU - Etrych T AD - Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic. FAU - Chytil, Petr AU - Chytil P AD - Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic. FAU - Ohkubo, Manami AU - Ohkubo M AD - Laboratory of Microbiology and Oncology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan. FAU - Fang, Jun AU - Fang J AD - Laboratory of Microbiology and Oncology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; Research Institute for Drug Delivery Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan. FAU - Ulbrich, Karel AU - Ulbrich K AD - Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic. FAU - Maeda, Hiroshi AU - Maeda H AD - Research Institute for Drug Delivery Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan. Electronic address: hirmaeda@ph.sojo-u.ac.jp. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20131121 PL - Netherlands TA - J Control Release JT - Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society JID - 8607908 RN - 0 (Acrylamides) RN - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents) RN - 0 (Drug Carriers) RN - 0 (Polymers) RN - 80168379AG (Doxorubicin) RN - D58G680W0G (pirarubicin) RN - R3F262Z4E0 (N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) SB - IM EIN - J Control Release. 2014 May 28;182:97-8 MH - Acrylamides/*administration & dosage/chemistry/pharmacokinetics MH - Animals MH - Antineoplastic Agents/*administration & dosage/chemistry/pharmacokinetics MH - Cell Line, Tumor MH - Cell Survival/drug effects MH - Doxorubicin/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/pharmacokinetics MH - Drug Carriers/*administration & dosage/chemistry/pharmacokinetics MH - HeLa Cells MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Neoplasms/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology MH - Polymers/*administration & dosage/chemistry/pharmacokinetics MH - Tissue Distribution MH - Tumor Burden/drug effects OTO - NOTNLM OT - Acid-cleavable linkage OT - EPR effect OT - HPMA polymer conjugate OT - Hydrazone OT - Pirarubicin (THP) OT - Tumor selectivity EDAT- 2013/11/26 06:00 MHDA- 2014/09/13 06:00 CRDT- 2013/11/26 06:00 PHST- 2013/09/03 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/11/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2013/11/13 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2013/11/26 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/11/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/09/13 06:00 [medline] AID - S0168-3659(13)00900-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.11.011 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Control Release. 2014 Jan 28;174:81-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.11.011. Epub 2013 Nov 21.