PMID- 24582432
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141105
LR  - 20220318
IS  - 1872-6968 (Electronic)
IS  - 0303-8467 (Linking)
VI  - 119
DP  - 2014 Apr
TI  - The role of regulatory T-cells in glioma immunology.
PG  - 125-32
LID - S0303-8467(13)00508-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.clineuro.2013.12.004 [doi]
AB  - Despite recent advances in treatment, the prognosis for glioblastoma multiforme 
      (GBM) remains poor. The lack of response to treatment in GBM patients may be 
      attributed to the immunosuppressed microenvironment that is characteristic of 
      invasive glioma. Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are immunosuppressive T-cells that 
      normally prevent autoimmunity when the human immune response is evoked; however, 
      there have been strong correlations between glioma-induced immunosuppression and 
      Tregs. In fact, induction of Treg activity has been correlated with glioma 
      development in both murine models and patients. While the exact mechanisms by 
      which regulatory T-cells function require further elucidation, various cytokines 
      such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TFG-beta) have been 
      implicated in these processes and are currently under investigation. In addition, 
      hypoxia is characteristic of tumor development and is also correlated with 
      downstream induction of Tregs. Due to the poor prognosis associated with 
      immunosuppression in glioma patients, Tregs remain a promising area for 
      immunotherapeutic research.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ooi, Yinn Cher
AU  - Ooi YC
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 
      USA.
FAU - Tran, Patrick
AU  - Tran P
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 
      USA.
FAU - Ung, Nolan
AU  - Ung N
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 
      USA.
FAU - Thill, Kimberly
AU  - Thill K
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 
      USA.
FAU - Trang, Andy
AU  - Trang A
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 
      USA.
FAU - Fong, Brendan M
AU  - Fong BM
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 
      USA.
FAU - Nagasawa, Daniel T
AU  - Nagasawa DT
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 
      USA.
FAU - Lim, Michael
AU  - Lim M
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 
      Baltimore, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of 
      Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
FAU - Yang, Isaac
AU  - Yang I
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 
      USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, 
      Los Angeles, USA. Electronic address: iyang@mednet.ucla.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20140103
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Clin Neurol Neurosurg
JT  - Clinical neurology and neurosurgery
JID - 7502039
RN  - 0 (Transforming Growth Factor beta)
RN  - 130068-27-8 (Interleukin-10)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Brain Neoplasms/*immunology
MH  - Glioblastoma/immunology
MH  - Glioma/*immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immune Tolerance/immunology
MH  - Interleukin-10/immunology
MH  - T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology
MH  - Transforming Growth Factor beta/immunology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Gliomas
OT  - Immunology
OT  - Regulatory T-cells
EDAT- 2014/03/04 06:00
MHDA- 2014/11/06 06:00
CRDT- 2014/03/04 06:00
PHST- 2013/07/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/12/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/12/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/03/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/03/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/11/06 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0303-8467(13)00508-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.clineuro.2013.12.004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2014 Apr;119:125-32. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2013.12.004. 
      Epub 2014 Jan 3.