PMID- 26722371
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161006
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1838-7640 (Electronic)
IS  - 1838-7640 (Linking)
VI  - 6
IP  - 1
DP  - 2016
TI  - A Novel Inherently Radiopaque Bead for Transarterial Embolization to Treat Liver 
      Cancer - A Pre-clinical Study.
PG  - 28-39
LID - 10.7150/thno.13137 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: Embolotherapy using microshperes is currently performed with soluble 
      contrast to aid in visualization. However, administered payload visibility 
      dimishes soon after delivery due to soluble contrast washout, leaving the 
      radiolucent bead's location unknown. The objective of our study was to 
      characterize inherently radiopaque beads (RO Beads) in terms of physicomechanical 
      properties, deliverability and imaging visibility in a rabbit VX2 liver tumor 
      model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: RO Beads, which are based on LC Bead(R) platform, 
      were compared to LC Bead. Bead size (light microscopy), equilibrium water content 
      (EWC), density, X-ray attenuation and iodine distribution (micro-CT), suspension 
      (settling times), deliverability and in vitro penetration were investigated. 
      Fifteen rabbits were embolized with either LC Bead or RO Beads + soluble contrast 
      (iodixanol-320), or RO Beads+dextrose. Appearance was evaluated with fluoroscopy, 
      X-ray single shot, cone-beam CT (CBCT). RESULTS: Both bead types had a similar 
      size distribution. RO Beads had lower EWC (60-72%) and higher density (1.21-1.36 
      g/cc) with a homogeneous iodine distribution within the bead's interior. RO Beads 
      suspension time was shorter than LC Bead, with durable suspension (>5 min) in 
      100% iodixanol. RO Beads </=300 microm were deliverable through a 2.3-Fr microcatheter. 
      Both bead types showed similar penetration. Soluble contrast could identify 
      target and non-target embolization on fluoroscopy during administration. However, 
      the imaging appearance vanished quickly for LC Bead as contrast washed-out. RO 
      Beads+contrast significantly increased visibility on X-ray single shot compared 
      to LC Bead+contrast in target and non-target arteries (P=0.0043). Similarly, RO 
      beads demonstrated better visibility on CBCT in target arteries (P=0.0238) with a 
      trend in non-target arteries (P=0.0519). RO Beads+dextrose were not sufficiently 
      visible to monitor embolization using fluoroscopy. CONCLUSION: RO Beads provide 
      better conspicuity to determine target and non-target embolization compared to LC 
      Bead which may improve intra-procedural monitoring and post-procedural evaluation 
      of transarterial embolization.
FAU - Duran, Rafael
AU  - Duran R
AD  - 1. Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division 
      of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 
      USA ; 2. Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Imaging Science, Yale University 
      School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
FAU - Sharma, Karun
AU  - Sharma K
AD  - 3. Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Medical 
      Center, Washington, DC, USA.
FAU - Dreher, Matthew R
AU  - Dreher MR
AD  - 4. Biocompatibles Inc, Oxford, CT, USA.
FAU - Ashrafi, Koorosh
AU  - Ashrafi K
AD  - 5. Biocompatibles UK Ltd, a BTG International group company, Farnham, Surrey, 
      United Kingdom.
FAU - Mirpour, Sahar
AU  - Mirpour S
AD  - 1. Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division 
      of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 
      USA.
FAU - Lin, MingDe
AU  - Lin M
AD  - 6. U/S Imaging and Interventions (UII), Philips Research North America, 
      Briarcliff Manor, NY, USA.
FAU - Schernthaner, Ruediger E
AU  - Schernthaner RE
AD  - 1. Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division 
      of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 
      USA ; 2. Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Imaging Science, Yale University 
      School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
FAU - Schlachter, Todd R
AU  - Schlachter TR
AD  - 1. Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division 
      of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 
      USA ; 2. Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Imaging Science, Yale University 
      School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
FAU - Tacher, Vania
AU  - Tacher V
AD  - 1. Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division 
      of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 
      USA.
FAU - Lewis, Andrew L
AU  - Lewis AL
AD  - 5. Biocompatibles UK Ltd, a BTG International group company, Farnham, Surrey, 
      United Kingdom.
FAU - Willis, Sean
AU  - Willis S
AD  - 5. Biocompatibles UK Ltd, a BTG International group company, Farnham, Surrey, 
      United Kingdom.
FAU - den Hartog, Mark
AU  - den Hartog M
AD  - 7. iXR, Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands.
FAU - Radaelli, Alessandro
AU  - Radaelli A
AD  - 7. iXR, Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands.
FAU - Negussie, Ayele H
AU  - Negussie AH
AD  - 8. Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical 
      Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
FAU - Wood, Bradford J
AU  - Wood BJ
AD  - 8. Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical 
      Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
FAU - Geschwind, Jean-Francois H
AU  - Geschwind JF
AD  - 1. Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division 
      of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 
      USA ; 2. Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Imaging Science, Yale University 
      School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 CA160771/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20160101
PL  - Australia
TA  - Theranostics
JT  - Theranostics
JID - 101552395
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
MH  - Embolization, Therapeutic/*methods
MH  - Fluoroscopy
MH  - Liver Neoplasms/*diagnosis/diagnostic imaging/*therapy
MH  - *Microspheres
MH  - Rabbits
MH  - Radiography/*methods
MH  - Staining and Labeling/*methods
PMC - PMC4679352
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Embolization
OT  - Hepatocellular carcinoma
OT  - TACE
OT  - VX2
OT  - radiopaque beads
COIS- Competing Interests: Financial Support: Our study was funded by NIH/NCI R01 
      CA160771 and by Biocompatibles UK Ltd, a BTG International group company. 
      Disclosures: Jean-Francois H. Geschwind, M.D.: Consultant: Biocompatibles/BTG, 
      Bayer HealthCare, Guerbet, Nordion/BTG, Philips Healthcare and Jennerex. Grant 
      Support: Biocompatibles/BTG, Bayer HealthCare, Philips Healthcare, Nordion/BTG, 
      Threshold, Guerbet, DOD, NCI-ECOG and NIH-R01. Founder and CEO PreScience Labs, 
      LLC. Koorosh Ashrafi, Matthew R. Dreher, Andrew L. Lewis and Sean Willis are paid 
      employees of Biocompatibles UK Ltd, a BTG International group company. MingDe 
      Lin, Alessandro Radaelli and Mark den Hartog are Philips Employees. Karun Sharma 
      is a consultant to Biocompatibles/BTG.
EDAT- 2016/01/02 06:00
MHDA- 2016/10/08 06:00
PMCR- 2016/01/01
CRDT- 2016/01/02 06:00
PHST- 2015/07/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/08/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2016/01/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2016/01/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/10/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - thnov06p0028 [pii]
AID - 10.7150/thno.13137 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Theranostics. 2016 Jan 1;6(1):28-39. doi: 10.7150/thno.13137. eCollection 2016.