PMID- 31049986 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20191219 LR - 20191219 IS - 2042-7158 (Electronic) IS - 0022-3573 (Linking) VI - 71 IP - 8 DP - 2019 Aug TI - An overview of active and passive targeting strategies to improve the nanocarriers efficiency to tumour sites. PG - 1185-1198 LID - 10.1111/jphp.13098 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVES: This review highlights both the physicochemical characteristics of the nanocarriers (NCs) and the physiological features of tumour microenvironment (TME) to outline what strategies undertaken to deliver the molecules of interest specifically to certain lesions. This review discusses these properties describing the convenient choice between passive and active targeting mechanisms with details, illustrated with examples of targeting agents up to preclinical research or clinical advances. KEY FINDINGS: Targeted delivery approaches for anticancers have shown a steep rise over the past few decades. Though many successful preclinical trials, only few passive targeted nanocarriers are approved for clinical use and none of the active targeted nanoparticles. Herein, we review the principles and for both processes and the correlation with the tumour microenvironment. We also focus on the limitation and advantages of each systems regarding laboratory and industrial scale. SUMMARY: The current literature discusses how the NCs and the enhanced permeation and retention effect impact the passive targeting. Whereas the active targeting relies on the ligand-receptor binding, which improves selective accumulation to targeted sites and thus discriminates between the diseased and healthy tissues. The latter could be achieved by targeting the endothelial cells, tumour cells, the acidic environment of cancers and nucleus. CI - (c) 2019 Royal Pharmaceutical Society. FAU - Attia, Mohamed F AU - Attia MF AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9413-6552 AD - CNRS, CAMB, UMR 7199, Universite de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. AD - Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA. AD - National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt. FAU - Anton, Nicolas AU - Anton N AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7047-9657 AD - CNRS, CAMB, UMR 7199, Universite de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. FAU - Wallyn, Justine AU - Wallyn J AD - CNRS, CAMB, UMR 7199, Universite de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. FAU - Omran, Ziad AU - Omran Z AD - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Umm Al-Qura, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. FAU - Vandamme, Thierry F AU - Vandamme TF AD - CNRS, CAMB, UMR 7199, Universite de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20190503 PL - England TA - J Pharm Pharmacol JT - The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology JID - 0376363 RN - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents) RN - 0 (Drug Carriers) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antineoplastic Agents/*administration & dosage/*chemistry MH - Drug Carriers/*chemistry MH - Drug Delivery Systems/methods MH - Humans MH - Nanoparticles/*administration & dosage/*chemistry MH - Neoplasms/*drug therapy MH - Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects OTO - NOTNLM OT - active and passive drug targeting OT - enhanced permeation and retention OT - ligand OT - nanocarriers OT - tumour EDAT- 2019/05/03 06:00 MHDA- 2019/12/20 06:00 CRDT- 2019/05/04 06:00 PHST- 2018/09/18 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/04/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/05/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/12/20 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/05/04 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1111/jphp.13098 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Pharm Pharmacol. 2019 Aug;71(8):1185-1198. doi: 10.1111/jphp.13098. Epub 2019 May 3.