PMID- 7693589
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19931203
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 0894-1491 (Print)
IS  - 0894-1491 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 3
DP  - 1993 Jul
TI  - Perineuronal nets provide a polyanionic, glia-associated form of microenvironment 
      around certain neurons in many parts of the rat brain.
PG  - 183-200
AB  - The nature and function of previously described perineuronal nets are still 
      obscure. In the present study their polyanionic components were demonstrated in 
      the rat brain using colloidal iron hydroxide (CIH) staining. In subcortical 
      regions, such as the red nucleus, cerebellar, and vestibular nuclei, most neurons 
      were ensheathed by CIH-binding material. In the cerebral cortex perineuronal nets 
      were seen around numerous nonpyramidal neurons. Biotinylated hyaluronectin 
      revealed that hyaluronan occurs in perineuronal nets. Two plant lectins [Wisteria 
      floribunda agglutinin (WFA) and Vicia villosa agglutinin (VVA)] with affinity for 
      N-acetylgalactosamine visualized perineuronal nets similar to those rich in 
      anionic components. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-immunoreactive synaptic 
      boutons were shown to occupy numerous meshes of perineuronal VVA-positive nets. 
      Electron microscopically, VVA binding sites were scattered throughout 
      perisynaptic profiles, but accumulated at membranes and in the extracellular 
      space except not in synaptic clefts. To investigate the spatial relationship 
      between glial cell processes and perineuronal nets, two astrocytic markers 
      (S100-protein and glutamine synthetase) were visualized at the light and electron 
      microscopic level. Two methods to detect microglia by the use of Griffonia 
      simplicifolia agglutinin (GSA I-B4) and the monoclonal antibody, OX-42, were also 
      applied. Labelled structures forming perineuronal nets were observed with both 
      astrocytic, but not with microglial, markers. It is concluded that perineuronal 
      nets are composed of a specialized type of glia-associated extracellular matrix 
      rich in polyanionic groups and N-acetylgalactosamine. The net-like appearance is 
      due to perisynaptic arrangement of the astrocytic processes and these 
      extracellular components. Similar to the ensheathment of nodes of Ranvier, 
      perineuronal nets may provide a special ion buffering capacity required around 
      various, perhaps highly active, types of neurons.
FAU - Bruckner, G
AU  - Bruckner G
AD  - Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Germany.
FAU - Brauer, K
AU  - Brauer K
FAU - Hartig, W
AU  - Hartig W
FAU - Wolff, J R
AU  - Wolff JR
FAU - Rickmann, M J
AU  - Rickmann MJ
FAU - Derouiche, A
AU  - Derouiche A
FAU - Delpech, B
AU  - Delpech B
FAU - Girard, N
AU  - Girard N
FAU - Oertel, W H
AU  - Oertel WH
FAU - Reichenbach, A
AU  - Reichenbach A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Glia
JT  - Glia
JID - 8806785
RN  - 0 (Anions)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Colloids)
RN  - 0 (Hydroxides)
RN  - 0 (Iron Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Lectins)
RN  - 0 (Organic Chemicals)
RN  - 0 (S100 Proteins)
RN  - 0 (colloidal iron hydroxide)
RN  - 56-12-2 (gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)
RN  - 9004-61-9 (Hyaluronic Acid)
RN  - EC 4.1.1.15 (Glutamate Decarboxylase)
RN  - EC 6.3.1.2 (Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase)
RN  - KM15WK8O5T (Acetylgalactosamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acetylgalactosamine/analysis
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anions/*analysis
MH  - Biomarkers/analysis
MH  - Brain/*cytology
MH  - *Brain Chemistry
MH  - Colloids
MH  - Cytoplasm/chemistry/ultrastructure
MH  - Extracellular Matrix/*chemistry/ultrastructure
MH  - Glutamate Decarboxylase/analysis
MH  - Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase/analysis
MH  - Hyaluronic Acid/analysis
MH  - Hydroxides
MH  - Iron Compounds
MH  - Lectins
MH  - Microglia/ultrastructure
MH  - Neuroglia/chemistry/physiology/*ultrastructure
MH  - Neurons/*ultrastructure
MH  - Organic Chemicals
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - S100 Proteins/analysis
MH  - Staining and Labeling
MH  - Synapses/chemistry/ultrastructure
MH  - gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/analysis
EDAT- 1993/07/01 00:00
MHDA- 1993/07/01 00:01
CRDT- 1993/07/01 00:00
PHST- 1993/07/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1993/07/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1993/07/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/glia.440080306 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Glia. 1993 Jul;8(3):183-200. doi: 10.1002/glia.440080306.