PMID- 7996050
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19950119
LR  - 20220223
IS  - 0741-5400 (Print)
IS  - 0741-5400 (Linking)
VI  - 56
IP  - 6
DP  - 1994 Dec
TI  - Human microglial cells have phenotypic and functional characteristics in common 
      with both macrophages and dendritic antigen-presenting cells.
PG  - 732-40
AB  - Resting microglia comprise up to 13% of the cells in human central nervous system 
      (CNS) white matter. Their large number and dendritic morphology make them ideally 
      suited to survey the CNS for noxious stimuli. Upon activation microglia gradually 
      lose dendritic processes and transform into typical phagocytic macrophages. 
      Microglia have been implicated as the main antigen presenting cell within the 
      CNS, and appear to be of central importance as effectors and regulators of 
      demyelination. To further characterize the capacity for immune reactivity within 
      the human CNS, we have studied several characteristics of microglia, both in situ 
      and in vitro. We find that human microglia have ultrastructural, phenotypic 
      (CD11c, CD68, acid phosphatase), and functional (FcR and CR mediated 
      phagocytosis) properties typical for cells of the monocyte lineage. Our data 
      indicate that microglia also have properties in common with dendritic 
      antigen-presenting cells. Electron microscopy studies show extended dendritic 
      cell processes on cultured microglia, and microglia are, like dendritic cells, 
      negative for the monocyte markers nonspecific esterase, endogenous peroxidase, 
      CD14, and RFD7. Microglia constitutively express HLA-DR in situ, and express the 
      dendritic cell marker RFD1 upon activation. Coculturing of microglia with CD4+ T 
      cells results in clustering of T cells around microglia and initiation of a mixed 
      lymphocyte reaction, both distinguishing features of dendritic cells. These 
      functional properties of microglia may be of importance for the maintenance of an 
      immunologic response in the CNS, an organ where dendritic cells, in contrast to 
      other organs, have not previously been identified.
FAU - Ulvestad, E
AU  - Ulvestad E
AD  - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Gade Institute, University of Bergen, 
      Norway.
FAU - Williams, K
AU  - Williams K
FAU - Bjerkvig, R
AU  - Bjerkvig R
FAU - Tiekotter, K
AU  - Tiekotter K
FAU - Antel, J
AU  - Antel J
FAU - Matre, R
AU  - Matre R
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - J Leukoc Biol
JT  - Journal of leukocyte biology
JID - 8405628
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin G)
RN  - 82115-62-6 (Interferon-gamma)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Antibodies, Monoclonal
MH  - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Dendritic Cells/*cytology/immunology/*physiology
MH  - Erythrocytes/immunology
MH  - Histocytochemistry
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin G/pharmacology
MH  - Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
MH  - Lymphocyte Activation
MH  - Macrophage Activation
MH  - Macrophages/*cytology/immunology/*physiology
MH  - Microglia/*cytology/drug effects/*physiology
MH  - Multiple Sclerosis/immunology/pathology
MH  - Phagocytosis
MH  - Phenotype
EDAT- 1994/12/01 00:00
MHDA- 1994/12/01 00:01
CRDT- 1994/12/01 00:00
PHST- 1994/12/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1994/12/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1994/12/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/jlb.56.6.732 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Leukoc Biol. 1994 Dec;56(6):732-40. doi: 10.1002/jlb.56.6.732.