PMID- 8301132
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19940309
LR  - 20071114
IS  - 0022-1767 (Print)
IS  - 0022-1767 (Linking)
VI  - 152
IP  - 3
DP  - 1994 Feb 1
TI  - Intracerebral cytokine mRNA expression during fatal and nonfatal alphavirus 
      encephalitis suggests a predominant type 2 T cell response.
PG  - 1289-97
AB  - Sindbis virus (SV) causes an acute encephalomyelitis in mice. A T cell-dependent 
      inflammatory response is first detected 3 days after infection and includes T 
      cells, B cells, and macrophages. The cytokines produced locally by intrinsic 
      cells of the brain in response to infection and by infiltrating mononuclear cells 
      and their contributions to outcome of infection have not been identified. 
      Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of 
      mRNAs for IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha, leukemia inhibitory 
      factor (LIF), and TGF-beta in the brain during fatal and nonfatal SV encephalitis 
      of immunocompetent BALB/cJ and immunodeficient scid/CB17 mice. IL-1 beta and IL-6 
      mRNAs were detected in uninfected mice before infection and were up-regulated 
      within 24 h. TGF-beta mRNA was also constitutively expressed in uninfected mice. 
      LIF mRNA was occasionally detected in uninfected mice but increased in amounts 
      only in BALB/cJ not scid mice after infection. TNF-alpha, IL-4, and IL-10 mRNAs 
      were not found in uninfected mice but were induced within 24 h and continued to 
      rise through 7 days after infection with substantially higher levels in BALB/cJ 
      than scid mice. These data suggest that intrinsic brain cells produce IL-1, IL-4, 
      IL-6, IL-10, LIF, and TGF-beta mRNAs in response to viral infection. IFN-gamma 
      and IL-2 mRNAs were detected only in BALB/cJ mice and not until 3 days after 
      infection with the initiation of inflammation. IL-4 and IL-10 mRNAs were more 
      persistent and more easily detectable than IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNAs. These data 
      suggest a predominant type 2 cytokine response in the brain during SV 
      encephalitis. BALB/cJ mice infected with a neurovirulent strain of SV (NSV), had 
      100% mortality, whereas NSV-infected scid mice developed persistent nonfatal 
      infection. Inflammation was more intense in NSV-infected mice, however, no 
      substantial differences in cytokine mRNA levels were detected when compared with 
      mice with nonfatal SV infection suggesting that the cytokines measured do not in 
      and of themselves lead to fatal central nervous system disease.
FAU - Wesselingh, S L
AU  - Wesselingh SL
AD  - Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 
      MD 21205.
FAU - Levine, B
AU  - Levine B
FAU - Fox, R J
AU  - Fox RJ
FAU - Choi, S
AU  - Choi S
FAU - Griffin, D E
AU  - Griffin DE
LA  - eng
GR  - NS07000/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - NS18596/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - NS29234/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - J Immunol
JT  - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
JID - 2985117R
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (DNA Primers)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alphavirus Infections/*immunology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Brain/*immunology
MH  - Cytokines/*genetics
MH  - DNA Primers/chemistry
MH  - Encephalitis, Arbovirus/*immunology
MH  - Gene Expression
MH  - Immunity, Cellular
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Mice, SCID
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics
MH  - Sindbis Virus/immunology/pathogenicity
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 1994/02/01 00:00
MHDA- 1994/02/01 00:01
CRDT- 1994/02/01 00:00
PHST- 1994/02/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1994/02/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1994/02/01 00:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Immunol. 1994 Feb 1;152(3):1289-97.