PMID- 8651642
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19960724
LR  - 20071114
IS  - 0364-5134 (Print)
IS  - 0364-5134 (Linking)
VI  - 39
IP  - 6
DP  - 1996 Jun
TI  - Localization of HIV-1 in human brain using polymerase chain reaction/in situ 
      hybridization and immunocytochemistry.
PG  - 705-11
AB  - Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infects the brains of a majority of 
      patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and has been linked 
      to the development of a progressive dementia termed "HIV-associated dementia." 
      This disorder results in severe cognitive, behavioral, and motor deficits. 
      Despite this neurological dysfunction, HIV-1 infection of brain cells does not 
      occur significantly in neurons, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes, but is 
      restricted to brain macrophages and microglia. To identify possible low-level or 
      latent infection of other brain cells, we combined the techniques of the 
      polymerase chain reaction with in situ hybridization for the detection of HIV 
      DNA, and used immunocytochemistry to identify the HIV-expressing cells. In the 21 
      adult brains studied (15 AIDS and 6 seronegative control brains), we found that 
      polymerase chain reaction/in situ hybridization was both sensitive and specific 
      for identifying HIV-infected cells. In all brains, the majority of infected cells 
      were macrophages and microglia. In several brains, however, a substantial 
      minority of cells harboring HIV DNA were identified as astrocytes. Neurons, 
      oligodendrocytes, and endothelial cells were not infected with HIV, even in cases 
      with HIV-associated dementia. These findings confirm previous data regarding the 
      importance of macrophage/microglial infection, and essentially exclude neuronal 
      infection in pathogenetic models of HIV-associated neurological disease. These 
      data also demonstrate that latent or low-level infection of astrocytes occurs in 
      AIDS, a finding that may be of importance in understanding HIV neuropathogenesis.
FAU - Takahashi, K
AU  - Takahashi K
AD  - Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 
      MD 21287-6953, USA.
FAU - Wesselingh, S L
AU  - Wesselingh SL
FAU - Griffin, D E
AU  - Griffin DE
FAU - McArthur, J C
AU  - McArthur JC
FAU - Johnson, R T
AU  - Johnson RT
FAU - Glass, J D
AU  - Glass JD
LA  - eng
GR  - AI 35042/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - NS 01577/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - NS 26634/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - etc.
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Ann Neurol
JT  - Annals of neurology
JID - 7707449
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Antibodies, Monoclonal
MH  - Astrocytes/virology
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Brain/ultrastructure/*virology
MH  - Culture Techniques
MH  - DNA, Viral
MH  - Female
MH  - Gene Expression
MH  - HIV Seropositivity/virology
MH  - HIV-1/*isolation & purification
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Immunohistochemistry
MH  - *In Situ Hybridization
MH  - Macrophages/ultrastructure/virology
MH  - Male
MH  - Microglia/ultrastructure/virology
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - *Polymerase Chain Reaction
EDAT- 1996/06/01 00:00
MHDA- 1996/06/01 00:01
CRDT- 1996/06/01 00:00
PHST- 1996/06/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1996/06/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1996/06/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/ana.410390606 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ann Neurol. 1996 Jun;39(6):705-11. doi: 10.1002/ana.410390606.