PMID- 8676466
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19960815
LR  - 20200724
IS  - 0022-538X (Print)
IS  - 1098-5514 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-538X (Linking)
VI  - 70
IP  - 7
DP  - 1996 Jul
TI  - Activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB by the Tat protein of human 
      immunodeficiency virus type 1.
PG  - 4427-37
AB  - A recombinant Tat protein was used to investigate the molecular mechanisms of 
      transcriptional activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long 
      terminal repeat (LTR). Liposome-mediated delivery of this protein to responsive 
      cells results in dose-dependent LTR activation. As evaluated by mRNA quantitation 
      with competitive PCR, the activation response is rapid and transient, peaking at 
      5 h after the beginning of Tat treatment. In vivo footprinting experiments at the 
      LTR showed that transcriptional activation is concomitant with a modification of 
      the protein-DNA interaction pattern at the downstream kappaB site of the enhancer 
      and at the adjacent Sp1 boxes. The effects of Tat on the enhancer are mediated by 
      Tat-induced nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, which parallels the kinetics of 
      transcriptional activation. This induction results from degradation of the 
      inhibitor IkappaB-alpha, is blocked under antioxidant conditions and by a 
      protease inhibitor, and occurs as a rapid response in different cell types. The 
      functional response to Tat is impaired upon cell treatment with a kappaB site 
      decoy or with sodium salicylate, an inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation. These 
      results show that NF-kappaB activation by Tat is important for LTR 
      transcriptional activation. Furthermore, they suggest that some of the 
      pleiotropic effects of Tat on cellular functions can be mediated by induction of 
      NF-kappaB.
FAU - Demarchi, F
AU  - Demarchi F
AD  - International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy.
FAU - d'Adda di Fagagna, F
AU  - d'Adda di Fagagna F
FAU - Falaschi, A
AU  - Falaschi A
FAU - Giacca, M
AU  - Giacca M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JT  - Journal of virology
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Antioxidants)
RN  - 0 (DNA Primers)
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Gene Products, tat)
RN  - 0 (I-kappa B Proteins)
RN  - 0 (NF-kappa B)
RN  - 0 (NFKBIA protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Protease Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - 0 (tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
RN  - 139874-52-5 (NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
RN  - T8ID5YZU6Y (Dithiothreitol)
RN  - WIQ1H85SYP (Sodium Salicylate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antioxidants/pharmacology
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cell Line, Transformed
MH  - DNA/metabolism
MH  - DNA Primers
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Dithiothreitol/pharmacology
MH  - Gene Expression
MH  - Gene Products, tat/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - HIV-1/*metabolism
MH  - HeLa Cells
MH  - Humans
MH  - *I-kappa B Proteins
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha
MH  - NF-kappa B/*metabolism
MH  - Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
MH  - Sodium Salicylate/pharmacology
MH  - Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
MH  - Tumor Cells, Cultured
MH  - tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
PMC - PMC190376
EDAT- 1996/07/01 00:00
MHDA- 1996/07/01 00:01
PMCR- 1996/07/01
CRDT- 1996/07/01 00:00
PHST- 1996/07/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1996/07/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1996/07/01 00:00 [entrez]
PHST- 1996/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1128/JVI.70.7.4427-4437.1996 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol. 1996 Jul;70(7):4427-37. doi: 10.1128/JVI.70.7.4427-4437.1996.