PMID- 9349433
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19971120
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0969-7128 (Print)
IS  - 0969-7128 (Linking)
VI  - 4
IP  - 9
DP  - 1997 Sep
TI  - Protamine sulfate enhances lipid-mediated gene transfer.
PG  - 961-8
AB  - A polycationic peptide, protamine sulfate, USP, has been shown to be able to 
      condense plasmid DNA efficiently for delivery into several different types of 
      cells in vitro by several different types of cationic liposomes. The monovalent 
      cationic liposomal formulations (DC-Chol and lipofectin) exhibited increased 
      transfection activities comparable to that seen with the multivalent cationic 
      liposome formulation, lipofectamine. This suggests that lipofectamine's superior 
      in vitro activity arises from its ability to condense DNA efficiently and that 
      protamine's primary role is that of a condensation agent, although it also 
      possesses several amino acid sequences resembling that of a nuclear localization 
      signal. While the use of polycations to condense DNA has been previously 
      reported, the of protamine sulfate, USP as a condensation agent was found to be 
      superior to poly-L-lysine as well as to various other types of protamine. These 
      differences among various salt forms of protamine appear to be attributable to 
      structural differences between the protamines and not due to differences in the 
      net charge of the molecule. The appearance of lysine residues within the 
      protamine molecule correlate with a reduction in binding affinity to plasmid DNA 
      as well as an observed loss in transfection enhancing activity. This finding 
      sheds light on the structural requirements of condensation agents for use in gene 
      transfer protocols. Furthermore, protamine sulfate, USP is an FDA-approved 
      compound with a documented safety profile and could be readily used as an 
      adjuvant to a human gene therapy protocol.
FAU - Sorgi, F L
AU  - Sorgi FL
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 
      15261, USA.
FAU - Bhattacharya, S
AU  - Bhattacharya S
FAU - Huang, L
AU  - Huang L
LA  - eng
GR  - CA 59327/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - CA 64654/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - CA 71731/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - etc.
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - England
TA  - Gene Ther
JT  - Gene therapy
JID - 9421525
RN  - 0 (Cation Exchange Resins)
RN  - 0 (Cations)
RN  - 0 (Lipids)
RN  - 0 (Lipofectamine)
RN  - 0 (Liposomes)
RN  - 0 (Phosphatidylethanolamines)
RN  - 0 (Protamines)
RN  - 137056-72-5 (3-(N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)carbamoyl)cholesterol)
RN  - 76391-83-8 (1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine)
RN  - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol)
RN  - EC 1.13.12.- (Luciferases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - CHO Cells
MH  - Cation Exchange Resins
MH  - Cations
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cholesterol/analogs & derivatives
MH  - Cricetinae
MH  - Genetic Therapy/*methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lipids
MH  - Liposomes
MH  - Luciferases/genetics
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phosphatidylethanolamines
MH  - *Protamines/genetics
MH  - *Transfection
EDAT- 1998/02/12 00:00
MHDA- 1998/02/12 00:01
CRDT- 1998/02/12 00:00
PHST- 1998/02/12 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1998/02/12 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1998/02/12 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1038/sj.gt.3300484 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Gene Ther. 1997 Sep;4(9):961-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.gt.3300484.