PMID- 9403331
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19980202
LR  - 20220309
IS  - 0162-3109 (Print)
IS  - 0162-3109 (Linking)
VI  - 37
IP  - 2-3
DP  - 1997 Oct
TI  - Vascular leak syndrome: a side effect of immunotherapy.
PG  - 117-32
AB  - The major dose-limiting toxicity of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and of immunotoxin (IT) 
      therapies is vascular leak syndrome (VLS). VLS is characterized by an increase in 
      vascular permeability accompanied by extravasation of fluids and proteins 
      resulting in interstitial edema and organ failure. Manifestations of VLS include 
      fluid retention, increase in body weight, peripheral edema, pleural and 
      pericardial effusions, ascites, anasarca and, in severe form, signs of pulmonary 
      and cardiovascular failure. Symptoms are highly variable among patients and the 
      causes are poorly understood. The pathogenesis of endothelial cell (EC) damage is 
      complex and can involve activation or damage to ECs and leukocytes, release of 
      cytokines and of inflammatory mediators, alteration in cell-cell and cell-matrix 
      adhesion and in cytoskeleton function. VLS restricts the doses of IL-2 and of ITs 
      which can be administered to humans and, in some cases, necessitates the 
      cessation of therapy. This review discusses the diversity of clinical 
      manifestation, possible mechanisms and therapeutic modalities for VLS induced by 
      IL-2 and ITs.
FAU - Baluna, R
AU  - Baluna R
AD  - Cancer Immunobiology Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at 
      Dallas 75235-8576, USA.
FAU - Vitetta, E S
AU  - Vitetta ES
LA  - eng
GR  - CA-28149/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PT  - Review
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Immunopharmacology
JT  - Immunopharmacology
JID - 7902474
RN  - 0 (Immunotoxins)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-2)
SB  - IM
CIN - Immunopharmacology. 1998 Jun;39(3):255, 257. PMID: 9754911
MH  - Capillary Permeability/*drug effects
MH  - Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials/*etiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunotherapy/*adverse effects
MH  - Immunotoxins/adverse effects
MH  - Interleukin-2/adverse effects
RF  - 171
EDAT- 1997/12/24 00:00
MHDA- 1997/12/24 00:01
CRDT- 1997/12/24 00:00
PHST- 1997/12/24 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1997/12/24 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1997/12/24 00:00 [entrez]
AID - S0162-3109(97)00041-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/s0162-3109(97)00041-6 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Immunopharmacology. 1997 Oct;37(2-3):117-32. doi: 10.1016/s0162-3109(97)00041-6.